Search results for " Structures"

showing 10 items of 4162 documents

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in a woody species: the European Spindle Tree (Euonymus europaeus L.).

1993

Somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration of Euonymus europaeus L (European Spindle Tree) were obtained from square pieces of mature zygotic embryos with an intervening callus phase. Callus and somatic embryos were induced using a Murashige and Skoog's semi-solid basal medium supplemented with several combinations of auxins and cytokinins. The greatest number of somatic embryos was obtained with a continuous exposure to 22.8 μM indoleacetic acid and 0.046 μM kinetin. The frequency of somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos depends on the cold conservation time of seeds. The embryos frequently germinated on the same medium. Further development of somatic embryos into plantle…

chemistry.chemical_classificationanimal structuresSomatic embryogenesisfungiEmbryogenesisfood and beveragesEmbryoPlant ScienceGeneral MedicineBiologybiology.organism_classificationchemistry.chemical_compoundTissue culturechemistryAuxinCallusembryonic structuresBotanyEuonymus europaeusKinetinAgronomy and Crop SciencePlant cell reports
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Mit Donorzentren versehener korbförmiger Molekülhohlraum — Darstellung, Struktur, Eigenschaften

1991

Basket-shaped Molecular Cavity-Containing Donor Centres — Synthesis, Structure, Properties The macrocyclic basket-shaped molecule 2, composed of three 4-donor-substituted pyridine units, is synthesized by cyclisation of the chloromethyl compound 7 with sulfonamide 8. The X-ray structure analysis of 2 gives an impression of the shape of the molecular basket. Furthermore it demonstrates that the toluenesulfonamide residues interlink, creating dimeric units of 2 in the crystal.

chemistry.chemical_classificationanimal structuresStructure analysisChemistryStereochemistryEtherCrystal structureCondensation reactionSulfonamidebody regionsInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundnervous systemembryonic structuresX-ray crystallographyPyridineMoleculeChemische Berichte
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Biological Activities of Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones and the Effect of Synthetic Sesquiterpene Derivatives on Insect Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis

1998

Three natural sesquiterpene lactones have been assayed for their biological activity on locust (Locusta migratoria) nymphs. Since results obtained in vivo pointed to disruptions on juvenile hormone (JH)-regulated physiology, we tested the sesquiterpene lactones and a family of synthetic sesquiterpene derivatives for their ability to disturb the rate of JH biosynthesis by locust corpora allata (CA) in vitro. All the active compounds in vitro share a basic sesquiterpene double-ring structure as well as substituents with different chemical complexities. Compounds that shared an eudesmane base with different oxidation states on C3 and C12 carbon atoms were tested as JH biosynthesis inhibitors. …

chemistry.chemical_classificationanimal structuresbiologyBiological activityAgrotis ipsilonGeneral ChemistrySesquiterpenebiology.organism_classificationchemistry.chemical_compoundBiochemistrychemistryBiosynthesisJuvenile hormoneCorpus allatumGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesLactoneLocustJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Convenient High Yielding Gram Scale Solution Synthesis of Methionine-Enkephalin.

1998

A simple, large-scale synthesis of a cytokine, methionine-enkephalin, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met, has been elaborated. Classical solution peptide chemistry methods without protection of amino acid side-chain functions and 1+(2+2) segment condensation were used. A nine-step synthesis from commercial amino acid derivatives was developed with yields ranging from 86% to 99%, averaging 92%. The purity of all intermediates was found to be 99.0-100% by HPLC. The process has been used to prepare greater than 150 g quantities of the pentapeptide as a monohydrate of 100% purity. Hydantoin formation was observed during saponification of Boc-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OMe and minimised.

chemistry.chemical_classificationanimal structuresintegumentary systemChemistryHydantoinPeptideGeneral ChemistryGeneral MedicinePentapeptide repeatHigh-performance liquid chromatographyChemical synthesisAmino acidchemistry.chemical_compoundDrug DiscoveryPeptide synthesisOrganic chemistrySaponificationChemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
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Synthesis of RNA in isolated nuclei of sea urchin embryos.

1970

It is demonstrated that isolated nuclei of sea urchin embryos are able to incorporate radioactive nucleotides into RNA. Some properties of the incorporation system are described.

chemistry.chemical_classificationanimal structuresurogenital systemRNASea urchin embryoBiologyCell biologychemistryhemic and lymphatic diseasesembryonic structuresGeneticsNucleotideDevelopmental biologyDevelopmental BiologyWilhelm Roux' Archiv fur Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen
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Chemistry of Enzyme Visualization

1994

The basic principle of enzyme visualization in situ is to present an enzyme with a solution containing an enzyme specific substrate. Demonstration of an enzyme is achieved if the catalytic action of the enzyme on this substrate produces a coloured reaction product. Often, however, the primary reaction products are colourless and require coupling with a visualizing agent to generate a coloured, preferably insoluble, final reaction product.

chemistry.chemical_classificationchemistry.chemical_compoundEnzymePrimary reactiongenetic structuresChemistrySubstrate specificitySubstrate (chemistry)FormazanCombinatorial chemistryReaction productVisualizationCatalysis
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Advanced descriptors for long-range noncovalent interactions between SARS-CoV-2 spikes and polymer surfaces.

2021

The recent pandemic triggered numerous societal efforts aimed to control and limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2. One of these aspects is related on how the virion interacts with inanimate surfaces, which might be the source of secondary infection. Although recent works address the adsorption of the spike protein on surfaces, there is no information concerning the long-range interactions between spike and surfaces, experimented by the virion when is dispersed in the droplet before its possible adsorption. Some descriptors, namely the interaction potentials per single protein and global potentials, were calculated in this work. These descriptors, evaluated for the closed and open states of the sp…

chemistry.chemical_classificationclosed and open structuresDensity Functional calculationsSecondary infectionIonic bondingFiltration and SeparationPolymerArticleAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundAdsorptionPolylactic acidchemistryChemical physicsCovalent bondlong-range interaction potential energiesPolyethylene terephthalateNon-covalent interactionssurface affinity descriptorsSARS-CoV-2 spike proteinsMolecular Mechanics and Dynamics simulationsSeparation and purification technology
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Regulatory Changes in Pterin and Carotenoid Genes Underlie Balanced Color Polymorphisms in the Wall Lizard

2018

ABSTRACTReptiles use pterin and carotenoid pigments to produce yellow, orange, and red colors. These conspicuous colors serve a diversity of signaling functions, but their molecular basis remains unresolved. Here, we show that the genomes of sympatric color morphs of the European common wall lizard, which differ in orange and yellow pigmentation and in their ecology and behavior, are virtually undifferentiated. Genetic differences are restricted to two small regulatory regions, near genes associated with pterin (SPR) and carotenoid metabolism (BCO2), demonstrating that a core gene in the housekeeping pathway of pterin biosynthesis has been co-opted for bright coloration in reptiles and indi…

chemistry.chemical_classificationgenetic structuresHaplotypeBiologychemistry.chemical_compoundPigmentchemistrySympatric speciationEvolutionary biologyvisual_artGenetic variationvisual_art.visual_art_mediumPterinAlleleCarotenoidGene
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Über den Ureidstoffwechsel beim Laubmoosprotonema von Funaria hydrometrica L. (Sibth.)1)1)Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. Kurt Mothes zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet.

1975

Summary The activity of allantoinase (EC 3.5.2.5) is influenced by light and darkness. The extracts of dark-grown moss protonema showed a very higher enzyme activity than the extracts of light-grown plants. The allantoinase activity was increased by light-dark and decreased by dark-light transitions. DMAP mimicked light effects by stabelizing the charakteristic light depending enzyme avctivities in the dark. The inhibitors DCMU, DNP and CCCP increased the enzyme activity of light-grown moss protonema, to some extend they induced a “physiological dark condition”.

chemistry.chemical_classificationgenetic structuresbiologyAllantoinaseDCMUGeneral MedicineGeneral Chemistrybiology.organism_classificationMossEnzyme assayFunaria hygrometricachemistry.chemical_compoundEnzymechemistryBiochemistryBotanyDarknessbiology.proteinsense organsProtonemaBiochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen
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Lipid and fatty acid profile of the retina, RPE/choroid and lacrimal gland, and associations with dietary fatty acids in human subjects

2008

Purpose The contribution of dietary lipids to the accumulation of lipids in the retina during ageing and in the course of age related maculopathies remains under debate. Our objective was to establish associations between fatty acid profiles of ocular structures, and adipose tissue as a surrogate for the past dietary intake of the subjects. Methods Lipids and fatty acids were analyzed by tandem thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection from the neural retina, RPE/choroid, lacrimal gland and adipose tissue, collected from 19 women and 8 men, aged 59–95 years. Results DHA concentrations in the neural retina were positively associate…

chemistry.chemical_classificationmedicine.medical_specialtyRetinagenetic structuresLinoleic acidDietary intakeFatty acidAdipose tissueGeneral MedicineLacrimal glandBiologyeye diseasesOphthalmologychemistry.chemical_compoundmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologychemistryBiochemistryAgeingInternal medicinemedicinelipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)sense organsChoroidActa Ophthalmologica
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