Search results for " contact"

The Independent Partitive as an Eastern Circum-Baltic isogloss

2015

The paper claims that the independent partitive case in Finnic languages and the independent partitive genitive case in Baltic and East Slavic (henceforth: ip(g)) show considerable correlations that cannot be accounted for but by language contact. Given that both the ip(g) in Baltic and East Slavic as well as the ip(g) in Finnic are inherited from the respective proto-languages, the paper also offers a methodological discussion of how inherited categories may also be shown to be subject to language contact. A typologically not infrequent category must be individualized on the basis of a list of properties. Thus, 13 semantic and 5 morphosyntactic properties have been discussed. While the stu…

Latgalian surnames as a source of research in dialectology and language contact studies

2019

Abstract This article is focused on the analysis of surnames used in the eastern part of Latvia, i.e., Latgale, the history of which to a certain extent differs from other regions of Latvia. This is due to almost 300 years (1629–1917) of isolation from the territory inhabited by other ethnic Latvians, during which this region was under Polish and later Russian rule. During this 300-year-long separation, Latgale developed its own culture, a written tradition based on the local Latvian dialect, etc. The introduction of surnames for the Latvians of Latgale also differed from other regions. As Latgale is a multi-ethnic region, the system of surnames used there reflects not only the peculiaritie…

A Tale of Two Copulas: Language-Contact Speculations on First-Millennium England

2011

Escuela y diversidad lingüística: estudio de las actitudes lingüísticas de los futuros docentes valencianos

2019

The article analyses the linguistic attitudes of future Valencian teachers in a bilingual speaking community characterised by mainstream contact between the Catalan and Spanish languages. This research focuses on the language attitudes of a group of speakers who share a specific set of traits: age, education, profession and socioeconomic status. Special attention is given to attitudes towards four linguistic varieties used by Valencian speakers in their regular interactions: standard Spanish (CS), colloquial Spanish – nonstandard – (CNS), standard Valencian (VS) and vernacular Valencian or apitxat (VNS).

Pragmatic markers resulting from language contact. The case of sañani in Aymara

2020

This paper explores the pragmatic functions of a previously unattested pragmatic marker (Fraser, 1996, 2006) found in Aymara, i.e. sanani ‘let’s say’. The uses of sanani suggest that this marker is the result of the influence of Spanish on Aymara due to sustained language contact. Sanani seems to be the “replication” (Heine and Kuteva, 2005) of the Spanish pragmatic marker digamos ‘let’s say’. Like digamos (Grande Alija, 2010; Quartararo, 2017a), sanani functions as a pragmatic marker by signaling either an inferential process or the semantic relation between two discourse segments. The original data used for this analysis was gathered through the Family Problems Picture task (San Roque et …

Onko suomen ja ruotsin koodinvaihdolla kielioppia? : substantiivien ja verbien taivutus Haaparannan, Tukholman ja Helsingin kaksikielisissä keskustel…

2016

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kaksikielisten 13–15- vuotiaiden nuorten koodinvaihtoa suomen ja ruotsin välillä luokkahuoneen ulkopuolella nauhoitetuissa arkikielisissä keskusteluissa Haaparannassa (2014–2015), Tukholmassa (2015–2016) ja Helsingissä (2014). Artikkelissa kartoitetaan, miten toisesta kielestä upotetut substantiivit ja verbit taipuvat koodinvaihdossa. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, taipuvatko upotetut sanat matriisikielen eli pääkielen vai upotetun kielen kieliopin mukaan ja onko eri paikkakunnilta kerättyjen aineistojen välillä eroja. Tavoitteena on myös tutkia, onko suomen ja ruotsin koodinvaihdolla rakenteellisia rajoituksia eli voiko koodinvaihtoa tapahtua silloin, k…

Phenolic Substances from Phagnalon rupestre Protect against 2,4,6-Trinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity

2011

2-isoprenylhydroquinone-1-glucoside (1), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (2), and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (3), isolated from Phagnalon rupestre, improved the contact hypersensitivity response to 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene in mice. These phenolics reduced ear swelling and IL-1β content by 50% 24 h after challenge; in addition, 2 inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α by 53%. All three compounds also reduced interleukin-2 content by 50% 72 h after challenge. Both 2 and 3 inhibited metalloproteinase-9 levels in the skin lesions by 66% and 41%, respectively, and lowered cyclooxygenase-2 expression by 44% and 49%, respectively, at 24 h. Moreover, 2 was effective against atopic dermatitis in…

Compartmentalized production of CCL17 in vivo: strong inducibility in peripheral dendritic cells contrasts selective absence from the spleen.

2003

Dendritic cells (DCs)(*) fulfill an important regulatory function at the interface of the innate and adaptive immune system. The thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) is produced by DCs and facilitates the attraction of activated T cells. Using a fluorescence-based in vivo reporter system, we show that CCL17 expression in mice is found in activated Langerhans cells and mature DCs located in various lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs, and is up-regulated after stimulation with Toll-like receptor ligands. DCs expressing CCL17 belong to the CD11b(+)CD8(-)Dec205(+) DC subset, including the myeloid-related DCs located in the subepithelial dome of Peyer's patches. CCL17-deficient mi…

Resistance simulations for junctions of SW and MW carbon nanotubes with various metal substrates

2011

Abstract This theoretical study focuses on junctions between the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and contacting metallic elements of a nanocircuit. Numerical simulations on the conductance and resistance of these contacts have been performed using the multiple scattering theory and the effective media cluster approach. Two models for CNT-metal contacts have been considered in this paper: a) first principles “liquid metal” model and b) semi-empirical model of “effective bonds” based on Landauer notions on ballistic conductivity. Within the latter, which is a more adequate description of chirality effects, we have simulated both single-wall (SW) and multi-wall (MW) CNTs with different morphology. Res…

Romeu y la Guerra del Francés: Aportaciones del drama valenciano al desarrollo de la competencia sociolingüística

2015

This contribution addresses the development of sociolinguistic competence in language contact situations focusing mainly on the analysis of a literary work and the training of future teachers. The work covers a broad objective: providing resources and expertise to activate coping strategies and let activities to be prepared  to reflect on language use available in varied situations and contexts. The design of our approach is articulated around three axes: the historical,  the view of the events of the War of Independence through the figure of the Sagunt-born guerrilla leader Jose Romeu Parras; literary, theatrical approach  (Valencian author and drama of the late nineteenth century); and  t…