Search results for " equilibrium"
showing 10 items of 533 documents
Direct Visualization of the Conformational Dynamics of Single Influenza Hemagglutinin Trimers
2018
Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the canonical type I viral envelope glycoprotein and provides a template for the membrane-fusion mechanisms of numerous viruses. The current model of HA-mediated membrane fusion describes a static "spring-loaded" fusion domain (HA2) at neutral pH. Acidic pH triggers a singular irreversible conformational rearrangement in HA2 that fuses viral and cellular membranes. Here, using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET)-imaging, we directly visualized pH-triggered conformational changes of HA trimers on the viral surface. Our analyses reveal reversible exchange between the pre-fusion and two intermediate conformations of HA2. Acidification of p…
The impact of an urban toll ring on housing prices
2020
Abstract Building on standard urban economics theory we set up a stylized model within which we demonstrate that the imposition of a toll ring leads to higher housing prices within the ring, and lower outside the ring. We examine this prediction empirically by using transaction data for 15,306 dwellings in the Norwegian town of Kristiansand, where since 1992 there has been a toll ring. We find that the toll ring implies 6.9 per cent higher housing prices within the toll ring than outside it. The relationship between toll fees and housing prices seems to be stable over time. The impact of the toll ring on the prices of detached houses, apartments, row houses and twin houses is strikingly dif…
Non-convex power allocation games in MIMO cognitive radio networks
2013
Consideramos un escenario de reparto del espectro, basado en la detección, en una red de radio cognitiva MIMO donde el objetivo general es maximizar el rendimiento total de cada usuario de radio cognitiva optimizando conjuntamente la operación de detección y la asignación de potencia en todos los canales, bajo una restricción de interferencia para los usuarios primarios. Los problemas de optimización resultantes conducen a un juego no convexo, que presenta un nuevo desafío a la hora de analizar los equilibrios de este juego. Con el fin de hacer frente a la no convexidad del juego, utilizamos un nuevo concepto relajado de equilibrio, el equilibrio cuasi-Nash (QNE). Se demuestran las condicio…
Casimir-Lifshitz force out of thermal equilibrium between dielectric gratings
2014
We calculate the Casimir-Lifshitz pressure in a system consisting of two different 1D dielectric lamellar gratings having two different temperatures and immersed in an environment having a third temperature. The calculation of the pressure is based on the knowledge of the scattering operators, deduced using the Fourier Modal Method. The behavior of the pressure is characterized in detail as a function of the three temperatures of the system as well as the geometrical parameters of the two gratings. We show that the interplay between non-equilibrium effects and geometrical periodicity offers a rich scenario for the manipulation of the force. In particular, we find regimes where the force can…
InBO3 and ScBO3 at high pressures: an ab initio study of elastic and thermodynamic properties
2016
We have theoretically investigated the elastic properties of calcite-type orthoborates ABO(3) (A= Sc and In) at high pressure by means of ab initio total-energy calculations. From the elastic stiffness coefficients, we have obtained the elastic moduli (B, G and E), Poisson's ratio (nu), B/G ratio, universal elastic anisotropy index (A(U)), Vickers hardness, and sound wave velocities for both orthoborates. Our simulations show that both borates are more resistive to volume compression than to shear deformation (B > G). Both compounds are ductile and become more ductile, with an increasing elastic anisotropy, as pressure increases. We have also calculated some thermodynamic properties, like D…
Dependence of plasma pH on oxygen saturation
1969
Abstract The influence of haemoglobin oxygenation on the pH value of the blood plasma of healthy adolescents was investigated at 38°C by varying the parameters CO2 pressure, Hb concentration and buffer bases. A total of 5000 measurements gave the following results: 1. 1. The pHs difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood increases with diminishing CO2 pressure and with increasing Hb concentration. There is a linear relation between the pHs changes and the O2 saturation of the haemoglobin. 2. 2. Quantitatively these relationships can be expressed by the following equation: δpHs = (8 − pH ox − log 0.03 Pco 2 ) · [Hb] 225 · (100 − So 2 100 where ΔpHs is the pHs difference between par…
Dioxouranium(VI) hydrolysis at 75 and 100°C in 3.6 molkg-1 LiClO4
2008
This work concerns the acidic properties of uranyl ion UO22+ at 75 and 100 °C in 3.6 molal (molkg-1 solvent) LiClO4 aqueous medium. The investigation was carried out by a coulometric-potentiometric technique. Direct and reverse acid base titrations were carried out in order to check the achievement of actual equilibrium conditions. Moreover, in order to reveal oversaturation conditions, a further check was carried out on clean saturated hydrolyzed solutions.
A radiometric and petrographic approach to risk assessment at Alte Madonie Mounts region (Sicily, Italy)
2013
The main goal of this work was to assess the radiological hazard at Alte Madonie Mounts region (north-central Sicily, Italy) in response to rumours of an increase in the incidence of cancer in this area. A correlation between the natural radionuclide contents and the petrographic features of the soil and rock samples was also evaluated. A total of 41 samples of selected soils and rocks were collected, powdered, dried and sealed in 'Marinelli' beakers for 20 d prior to measurement to ensure that a radioactive equilibrium between (226)Ra and (214)Bi had been reached. A gamma-ray spectrometer was used to quantify the radioactivity concentrations. To determine (238)U and (232)Th activities, the…
Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium for binary mixtures of 2-methylpentane+ethanol and +2-methyl-2-propanol
1999
Abstract Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the binary systems, 2-methylpentane+ethanol and 2-methylpentane+2-methyl-2-propanol (TBA), are reported at 101.3 kPa, including pure component vapor pressures. The systems deviate remarkably from ideal behaviour presenting one positive azeotrope. The activity coefficients and boiling points of the solutions were correlated with its composition by Wilson, UNIQUAC, NRTL, and Wisniak–Tamir equations.
Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria and densities for the system methyl 1,1-dimethylethyl ether+2-propanol
2002
Vapor-liquid equilibrium data at 50, 75 and 94 kPa have been determined for the binary system methyl 1,1-dimethylethyl ether + 2-propanol, in the temperature range 308-344 K. The measurements were made in an equilibrium still with circulation of both the vapor and liquid phases. Excess volumes have been also determined from density measurements using a vibrating tube densimeter at 298.15 K. The system exhibits positive deviation from ideal behavior and does not present azeotropy within the range of pressures studied. The excess volume of the system is negative over the whole mole fraction range. The activity coefficients and boiling points of the solutions were well correlated with the mole…