Search results for " pollution"
showing 10 items of 1010 documents
Risk factors for gastroenteritis associated with canal swimming in two cities in the Netherlands during the summer of 2015: A prospective study
2017
Urban canal swimming events are popular in the Netherlands. In 2015, two city canal swimming events took place, in Utrecht (Utrecht Singel Swim, USS) and in Amsterdam (Amsterdam City Swim, ACS). This prospective study characterizes the health risks associated with swimming in urban waters. Online questionnaires were sent to 160 (USS) and 2,692 (ACS) participants, with relatives of participants who did not swim completing the questionnaire as a control. Swimming water specimens and stool specimens of diarrheic participants in the ACS group were analysed. A total of 49% of USS and 51% of ACS swimmers returned their questionnaires. Nine percent of USS swimmers and 4% of non-swimmers reported g…
A selective microscale x-ray fluorescence analyzing method for determination of trace elements
1973
Abstract A new selective X-ray fluorescence analyzing method for trace element determination has been developed. In this method each trace element is measured independently. The excitation source is an X-ray tube that has a changeable anode and a variable high voltage. The exciting radiation is shaped with critical absorbers. The sample is viewed at backward angles through an absorber to reduce backscattered radiation. The estimated accuracy of this method is of the order of 10 per cent in thesub-ppm range of trace element concentration in organic samples. Measurement times are of the order of a few minutes.
Recent evolution of the multi-isotopic radioactive content in ice of Livingston Island, Antarctica.
1999
The temporal arrangement of the ice layers that are produced in ecosystems with perpetual snows form situations that greatly favour the study of the temporal evolution of the radioactive fallout that occurs in the said zones, whether this fallout is natural or artificial in origin. This allows one to investigate the causes of the fallout and the mechanisms transporting the radionuclides involved from their source point to the study zone, as well as their subsequent behaviour in that zone. There are special difficulties involved in this type of study in Antarctica. Some are of a general character deriving from the conditions of extreme climate and isolation which complicate the processes of …
Mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric heavy metal deposition : Spatial patterns and temporal trends in Europe
2010
In recent decades, mosses have been used successfully as biomonitors of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals. Since 1990, the European moss survey has been repeated at five-yearly intervals. Although spatial patterns were metal-specific, in 2005 the lowest concentrations of metals in mosses were generally found in Scandinavia, the Baltic States and northern parts of the UK ; the highest concentrations were generally found in Belgium and south-eastern Europe. The recent decline in emission and subsequent deposition of heavy metals across Europe has resulted in a decrease in the heavy metal concentration in mosses for the majority of metals. Since 1990, the concentration in mosses has decli…
Residential Exposure to PM2.5 Components and Risk of Childhood Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Denmark: A Nationwide Register-Based Case-Control Study
2020
In a recent study, we observed an increased risk of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with exposure to fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC). In this nationwide register-based case-control study, we focus on specific components of PM2.5 in relation to childhood NHL in Denmark (1981&ndash
Air pollution exposure at the residence and risk of childhood cancers in Denmark:A nationwide register-based case-control study
2020
Background: The etiology of childhood cancer is poorly understood. The role of environmental factors, including air pollution (AP) exposure, has been addressed previously, but results so far have been inconclusive. In this study, we investigate the association between long-term AP exposures in relation to childhood cancer subtypes in Denmark (1981–2013). Methods: We conducted a nationwide register-based case-control study. We identified 7745 incident cases of childhood cancers (<20 years) in the Danish Cancer Registry. Four randomly selected (cancer-free) controls were matched to each case according to sex and date of birth. We modelled concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine part…
Increased thyroid cancer incidence in a basaltic volcanic area is associated with non-anthropogenic pollution and biocontamination
2016
The increased thyroid cancer incidence in volcanic areas suggests an environmental effect of volcanic-originated carcinogens. To address this problem, we evaluated environmental pollution and biocontamination in a volcanic area of Sicily with increased thyroid cancer incidence. Thyroid cancer epidemiology was obtained from the Sicilian Regional Registry for Thyroid Cancer. Twenty-seven trace elements were measured by quadrupole mass spectrometry in the drinking water and lichens (to characterize environmental pollution) and in the urine of residents (to identify biocontamination) in the Mt. Etna volcanic area and in adjacent control areas. Thyroid cancer incidence was 18.5 and 9.6/10(5) inh…
Managing Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Airport Inventories: An Overview
2011
For some years now, problems relating to gas emissions that affect climate and result from human activities have assumed a global dimension of large importance. The climate is, indeed, influenced by the concentrations of some pollutants in the atmosphere; these pollutants trap the long wave radiation emitted by the Earth and alter the energy balance, causing an accentuation of the natural greenhouse effect. In this view an inventory of greenhouse gases can become the benchmark against which to measure the achievement of quantitative targets set at the political level in the fight against climate change. Contrary to a general inventory of emissions related with air quality objectives and loc…
Association between odour pollution from industrial sources and human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
2021
Objetivo: Se realizó una revisión sistemática para sintetizar toda la evidencia disponible, de estudios epidemiológicos, sobre la asociación entre la exposición residencial u ocupacional a corto y largo plazo a la contaminación por mal olor industrial y el estado de salud de la población expuesta. Métodos: Las búsquedas bibliográficas se realizaron en OvidMedline, EMBASE y Scopus en octubre de 2018. Para la exposición, se incluyeron estudios si capturaban la exposición a un olor ambiental de origen industrial en el ámbito residencial u ocupacional. Se consideraron los resultados para los cuales había una plausibilidad biológica, como fueron sibilancias y asma, tos, cefalea, náuseas y vómito…
Resíduos sólidos e crime de poluição: avanços e retrocessos na legislação e na jurisprudência italianas
2020
O presente artigo apresenta a evolução normativa e jurisprudencial envolvendo crimes de poluição por resíduos sólidos na Itália, país que possui tradição no trato de condutas ilícitas ligadas à denominada Ecomáfia. A pesquisa foi orientada pelo método funcionalista e as técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas foram bibliográfica e jurisprudencial. Embora a evolução da legislação penal ambiental na Itália tenha focado mais a questão dos resíduos do que o Brasil, observam-se dificuldades em comum, como a deficiência na apuração dos crimes, a demora nos julgamentos com a consequente possibilidade de reconhecimento da prescrição e as falhas da legislação que permitem aos infratores evitar as condenaçõe…