Search results for " secretion"
showing 10 items of 490 documents
Role of central oxytocin in the inhibition by endotoxin of distension-stimulated gastric acid secretion
2000
The gastric acid hyposecretory state associated with endotoxemia is mediated by a nervous reflex involving the central nervous system. The aim of the present study was to analyse the central effects of different peptides on distension-stimulated gastric acid secretion and the endogenous role of such peptides on the hyposecretory effects of endotoxin. The effect of an intracisternal (i.c.) administration of oxytocin, vasopressin, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), bombesin, somatostatin and the opioid receptor agonist BW443C or an intravenous (i.v.) injection of a small dose of endotoxin on distension-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in the continuously perfused stomach of an…
Administration of Triclabendazole Is Safe and Effective in Controlling Fascioliasis in an Endemic Community of the Bolivian Altiplano
2012
Background Emergence of human fascioliasis prompted a worldwide control initiative including a pilot study in a few countries. Two hyperendemic areas were chosen: Huacullani, Northern Altiplano, Bolivia, representing the Altiplanic transmission pattern with high prevalences and intensities; Cajamarca valley, Peru, representing the valley pattern with high prevalences but low intensities. Coprological sample collection, transport and study procedures were analyzed to improve individual diagnosis and subsequent treatments and surveillance activities. Therefore, a coproantigen-detection technique (MM3-COPRO ELISA) was evaluated, using classical techniques for egg detection for comparison. Meth…
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)-based vectors with engineered murine tropism express the rotavirus VP7 protein and immunize mice against r…
2011
A coronavirus vector based on the genome of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) expressing the rotavirus VP7 protein was constructed to immunize and protect against rotavirus infections in a murine model. The tropism of this TGEV-derived vector was modified by replacing the spike S protein with the homologous protein from mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). The rotavirus gene encoding the VP7 protein was cloned into the coronavirus cDNA. BALB/c and STAT1-deficient mice were inoculated with the recombinant viral vector rTGEVS-MHV-VP7, which replicates in the intestine and spreads to other organs such as liver, spleen and lungs. TGEV-specific antibodies were detected in all the in…
AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit defects are a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders.
2019
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric ligand-gated channels made up of combinations of GluA1-4 subunits encoded by GRIA1-4 genes. GluA2 has an especially important role because, following post-transcriptional editing at the Q607 site, it renders heteromultimeric AMPARs Ca2+-impermeable, with a linear relationship between current and trans-membrane voltage. Here, we report heterozygous de novo GRIA2 mutations in 28 unrelated patients with intellectual disability (ID) and neurodevelopmental abnormalities including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome-like features, and seizures or developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). In functional expression studies, mutations lead to a dec…
ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: Calcitonin in thyroid and extra-thyroid neuroendocrine neoplasms: the two-faced Janus.
2020
An increased calcitonin serum level is suggestive of a medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), but is not pathognomonic. The possibility of false positives or other calcitonin-secreting neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) should be considered. Serum calcitonin levels are generally assessed by immunoradiometric and chemiluminescent assays with high sensitivity and specificity; however, slightly moderately elevated levels could be attributable to various confounding factors. Calcitonin values >100 pg/mL are strongly suspicious of malignancy, whereas in patients with moderately elevated values (10–100 pg/mL) a stimulation test may be applied to improve diagnostic accuracy. Although the standard protoco…
Treatment of cryptorchidism with a potent analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
1978
Pernasal therapy of cryptorchidism with D-Leu6-des-Gly10-gonadotropin-releasing hormone ethylamide (D-Leu6-des-Gly10-GnRH-EA), a potent, long-acting GnRH analog, was attempted. Eleven prepubertal cryptorchid boys received between 25 microgram once daily and 25 to 50 microgram twice daily for 5 to 12 weeks. Complete testicular descent was achieved in 4 of the 11 boys. GnRH tests (1.5 microgram/kg intravenously), conducted in six boys before treatment, after 4 weeks of treatment, and in 2 boys 3 months after treatment, did not reveal changes in gonadotropin secretion indicative of precocious puberty or of decreased hypophyseal sensitivity to GnRH. Antibodies to the GnRH analog or to GnRH coul…
Sex differences in GABAA receptor binding in rat brain measured by an improved in vitro binding assay.
1990
The distribution of GABAA receptor sites was studied in female and male rat brain by an improved in vitro binding assay using 3H-muscimol and carefully washed membrane fractions. The binding studies revealed a single class of binding sites exhibiting the properties of GABAA receptors. The specific binding of 3H-muscimol was measured in four brain areas: the preoptic brain area, mediobasal hypothalamus, corticomedial amygdala and cerebral cortex. The equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) ranged from 11.2 to 23.3 nM in diestrous females and from 13.1 to 50.4 nM in males, the maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) from 3290 to 10240 fmol/mg protein in females and from 5495 to 17449 fmol/mg p…
Linking Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Infant Fecal Community Types, and Later Risk To Require Antibiotics
2020
Human milk is the sole and recommended nutrition for the newborn infant and contains one of the largest constituents of diverse oligosaccharides, dubbed human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Preclinical and clinical association studies indicate that HMOs have multiple physiological functions largely mediated through the establishment of the gut microbiome. Until recently, HMOs were not available to investigate their role in randomized controlled intervention trials. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of 2 HMOs on establishing microbiota in newborn infants. We provide a detailed description of the microbiota changes observed upon feeding a formula with 2 HMOs in comparis…
Changes in glutathione status and the antioxidant system in blood and in cancer cells associate with tumour growth in vivo
1999
The relationship among cancer growth, the glutathione redox cycle and the antioxidant system was studied in blood and in tumour cells. During cancer growth, the glutathione redox status (GSH/GSSG) decreases in blood of Ehrlich ascites tumour-bearing mice. This effect is mainly due to an increase in GSSG levels. Two reasons may explain the increase in blood GSSG: (a) the increase in peroxide production by the tumour that, in addition to changes affecting the glutathione-related and the antioxidant enzyme activities, can lead to GSH oxidation within the red blood cells; and (b) an increase of GSSG release from different tissues into the blood. GSH and peroxide levels are higher in the tumour …
Blood Glutathione as an Index of Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice and Humans
1997
Abstract The effect of x-rays on GSH and GSSG levels in blood was studied in mice and humans. An HPLC method that we recently developed was applied to accurately determine GSSG levels in blood. The glutathione redox status (GSH/GSSG) decreases after irradiation. This effect is mainly due to an increase in GSSG levels. Mice received single fraction radiotherapy, at total doses of 1.0 to 7.0 Gy. Changes in GSSG in mouse blood can be detected 10 min after irradiation and last for 6 h within a range of 2.0–7.0 Gy. The highest levels of GSSG (20.1 ± 2.9 μ M), a 4.7-fold increase as compared with controls) in mouse blood are found 2 h after radiation exposure (5 Gy). Breast and lung cancer patien…