Search results for "010606 plant biology & botany"
showing 10 items of 1457 documents
Ethnobotany of dye plants in Southern Italy, Mediterranean Basin: floristic catalog and two centuries of analysis of traditional botanical knowledge …
2020
Abstract Background Since ancient times, man has learned to use plants to obtain natural dyes, but this traditional botanical knowledge (TBK) is eroding. In the late, during, and the early 1800s, there was an increase in research related to dye species, and this allowed the development of industry and economy in rural contexts of Southern Italy. Today, dyes are mainly obtained from synthetic products, and this leads to risks for human health related to pollution. Methods Starting from the literature, three catalogs of the dyeing species (plants, algae, fungi, and lichens) used in the Mediterranean Basin and mainly in Southern Italy have been created. Percentages of parts used and colors ext…
Ethnobotany of the Aegadian Islands: safeguarding biocultural refugia in the Mediterranean
2021
Abstract Background The Aegadian Islands are located west of Trapani, Sicily. Once the site of bountiful tuna fisheries and fruit orchards (plums, peaches, apricots), grapevines, prickly pears, and grains, the local economy is now based on tourism, and many traditional agricultural and maritime practices have been abandoned. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the state of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) concerning the use of wild and cultivated plants and fungi for human health, food, maritime, and agricultural purposes on the islands of Levanzo, Favignana, and Marettimo and compare present-day practices with those documented in the past. Methods In-depth semi-structured interviews …
Cercospora beticola toxins. Use of fluorescent cyanine dye to study their effects on tobacco cell suspensions
1996
Abstract The fluorescent dye 3,3′-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide [diS-C 2 -(5)] was used to observe plasmalemma transmembrane potential variations of tobacco cells treated with uncoupler (FCCP), respiratory inhibitors (azide and cyanide), and H + -ATPase inhibitors (DCCD and a carbanilate derivative). These chemicals induced an increase in fluorescence, indicating a dissipation of the transmembrane potential. The [diS-C 2 -(5)] was also used to study the effects of two Cercospora beticola toxins on tobacco cells. Changes in fluorescence of [diS-C 2 -(5)] suggested that these two toxins caused a dissipation of the transmembrane potential with a different magnitude whereas kinetics of their…
Effect of the cytochrome P-450 inactivator 1-aminobenzotriazole on the metabolism of chlortoluron and isoproturon in wheat
1987
Abstract Roots of young wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum cv Clement) were treated with [ 14 C]chlortoluron or [ 14 C]isoproturon alone or mixed with 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P -450 monooxygenases. Radioactivity extracted from shoots slightly decreased during periods of metabolism, this decrease being reduced by ABT in the case of isoproturon. ABT strongly inhibited the metabolism of both herbicides. Accumulation of metabolites was generally depressed in the presence of ABT; however, levels of the free N -monodemethylated derivatives were little or not affected. It is concluded that ABT is a synergist of chlortoluron and isoproturon in wheat bec…
Metabolism of chlortoluron in tolerant species: possible role of cytochrome p-450 mono-oxygenases
1988
Summary Pathways of chlortoluron metabolism were compared in excised leaves of four tolerant species, namely wheat (Triticum aestivum var Clement), Bromus sterilis, Galium aparine and Veronica persica. The herbicide was principally detoxified by hydroxylation of the ring methyl in wheat and by N-dealkylation in Veronica persica. Both pathways were involved in Bromus sterilis and Galium aparine. Kinetic study of the degradation showed that capacity to form non-toxic conjugates could, at least partially, explain the tolerance of these species to chlortoluron. In plants treated with 1-aminobenzotriazole, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme inactivator, N-dealkylation of chlortoluron was little or not af…
Life‐form diversity across temperate deciduous forests of Western Eurasia: A different story in the understory
2021
[Aim]To analyse the biogeographic patterns of Temperate Deciduous Forests (TDFs) in Western Eurasia based on different life-forms and forests layers and explore their relationships with the current climate, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate and topography.
Seed oils as additives: penetration of triolein, methyloleate and diclofop-methyl in maize leaves
1992
Summary: Resume: Zusammenfassung Methyl ester derivatives of seed oils have a greater effect on graminicide efficacy than the parent oils. To explain this difference, we investigated the penetration of the radiolabelled oils, triolein (TRI) and methyl oleate (MEO), in maize leaves, and their influence on diclofop-methyl penetration. Over a period of 3 h 30% of applied TRI penetrated maize leaves, but no further penetration was observed. In contrast, MEO entry proceeded regularly to 72% over a period of 27 h. The amount of oil found in epicuticular wax (chloroform wash) was generally less than 4% of the recovered label, and was even lower (<1%) in ‘glossy 1’ hybrids which have no crystalline…
Looking for Hidden Enemies of Metabarcoding: Species Composition, Habitat and Management Can Strongly Influence DNA Extraction while Examining Grassl…
2021
Despite the raising preoccupation, the critical question of how the plant community is composed belowground still remains unresolved, particularly for the conservation priority types of vegetation. The usefulness of metabarcoding analysis of the belowground parts of the plant community is subjected to a considerable bias, that often impedes detection of all species in a sample due to insufficient DNA quality or quantity. In the presented study we have attempted to find environmental factors that determine the amount and quality of DNA extracted from total plant tissue from above- and belowground samples (1,000 and 10,000 cm2). We analyzed the influence of land use intensity, soil properties…
Subcellular localization and purification of a p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from cultured carrot cells and characterization of the correspondi…
1997
p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase catalyses the transformation of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate. In plants this enzyme has a crucial role because homogentisate is the aromatic precursor of all prenylquinones. Furthermore this enzyme was recently identified as the molecular target for new families of potent herbicides. In this study we examine precisely the localization of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity within carrot cells. Our results provide evidence that, in cultured carrot cells, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is associated with the cytosol. Purification and SDS/PAGE analysis of this enzyme revealed that its activity is associated with a polypeptide of 4…
Nested core collections maximizing genetic diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
2004
Summary The successful exploitation of natural genetic diversity requires a basic knowledge of the extent of the variation present in a species. To study natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana, we defined nested core collections maximizing the diversity present among a worldwide set of 265 accessions. The core collections were generated based on DNA sequence data from a limited number of fragments evenly distributed in the genome and were shown to successfully capture the molecular diversity in other loci as well as the morphological diversity. The core collections are available to the scientific community and thus provide an important resource for the study of genetic variation and its …