Search results for "050402 sociology"

Études scientifiques et marché du travail : éléments de réflexion sur la crise des formations en sciences

2007

Student disaffection towards sciences, most evident in pure science undergraduates, is causing increasing concern for the future of scientific training in France. If access to employment deteriorates more for science graduates than for graduates in other disciplines, science graduates will have a distinct advantage in terms of earnings and employment status, when the economic situation becomes less favourable. Within sciences, graduates of pure sciences have a more difficult transition from education to employment than those from applied sciences. Yet graduates from both disciplines compete for the same job in the private sector with pure science graduates receiving lower wages. The “crisis…

Évaluer la démocratisation de l'enseignement : la situation française à l'épreuve des comparaisons internationales

2000

Democratization is quite a difficult question, from both a methodological and theoretical point of view, especially when international comparisons are aimed at. Must one consider this process like the diffusion of the good, or focus on competition between groups for acceeding to it ? Indicators will not be the same, neither results, according to the perspective adopted. European comparisons show that if a majority of countries has chosen to equalize educational opportunities through opening access to school, less numerous are those which have tried to act more directly upon the inequalities conveyed by its operating. France has chosen the openness strategy with some delay, one factor being …

Politiques éducatives et analyse des inégalités : de quelques vertus heuristiques des comparaisons franco-britanniques

2001

Dans cet article, l'auteur entend demontrer le caractere stimulant des comparaisons effectuees entre la France et l'Angleterre, qui permettent, en pointant quelques registres ou la comparaisonn bouscule la facon de penser les inegalites et les politiques educatives, d'analyser les inegalites de carrieres scolaires.

World Anthropology with an Accent: The Discipline in Germany since the 1970s

2016

Two Peas in a Pod: Book Sales Clubs and Book Ownership in the Twentieth Century

2017

In the early twentieth century, book sales clubs became popular as an alternative means of book distribution. Corinna Norrick-Ruhl offers a unique comparative approach, synthesizing research about book sales clubs in twentieth-century Germany and the USA. Whereas previous studies have focussed mainly on the recommended literature and the effect on middlebrow reading, Norrick-Ruhl shows how book sales clubs rendered the book as a cultural object available and affordable, filling working-class and middle-class shelves with attractive volumes of “furniture books”. While book sales clubs were enormously successful in the twentieth century, they have recently declined. The author finally underli…

Amplitude and peculiar aspects of social inequalities in the French school

2005

05021http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ep/v31n1/a02v31n1.pdf; International audience; French sociology denounces vehemently since the end of the 1960s the important and standing social inequalities both in the access to the different levels of education and in school success stricto sensu. Such criticism has taken the form of a general theory put forward by Bourdieu and Passeron, in which such social inequalities are shown to be the necessary result of the functioning of the school institution. And this thesis, hugely influential not just among sociologists, but also more widely, has contributed to foster certain fatalism, since it establishes that the very function of school is to reproduce and leg…

Engager les personnes âgées dans l’acte alimentaire : les pratiques du personnel en EHPAD

2021

Resume Cet article propose de comprendre quelles sont les representations et pratiques des professionnels exercant en Etablissement d’hebergement pour personne âgee dependante (EHPAD) afin de mettre en place des actions qui engagent le resident dans l’acte alimentaire. La demarche d’engagement dans l’acte alimentaire n’est pas seulement souhaitee pour une satisfaction des besoins nutritionnels, mais aussi pour un benefice plus general, autour de la convivialite et du mieux-etre (mental et physique). Pour realiser cette etude, une enquete a ete menee aupres de 20 personnes travaillant en EHPAD. Ces entretiens semi-directifs ont donne lieu a une analyse par le prisme d’une matrice SWOT (Stren…

A stochastic dynamical social model involving a human happiness index

2018

[EN] This paper presents a new human happiness index built through five dimensions: development, freedom, solidarity, justice and peace. These five dimensions are evaluated through quantitative variables obtained from the Human Development Reports, World Data Bank and Eurostat. The new happiness index has been built following the guidelines set by the Human Development Reports of the UN for the construction of quality indices, and it has been compared on a set of 13 EU countries with the Overall Life Satisfaction Index, which is used by the UN. Moreover, the new index has been included in a dynamic mathematical model through the demographic rates to study the evolution of the population. Th…

Wie konzipieren wir Kinderkriegen?

2016

Zusammenfassung: Wie geht Kinderkriegen? Im Alltag lautet die Antwort Sex – Schwangerschaften resultieren aus Geschlechtsverkehr und Befruchtung. Sozialwissenschaftliche Studien führen sie dagegen auf ein (rationales) Entscheidungshandeln von Paaren zurück. Diesem unterliegen ‚Fertilitätsintentionen‘, denen ein entsprechendes ‚Fertilitätsverhalten‘ korrespondiert. Theoriegrundlage bilden Rational-Choice- und kognitionspsychologische Ansätze. Der Aufsatz wird diese Modellbildung hinterfragen, da sie das Kinderkriegen in seiner lebensweltlichen Komplexität nicht nur empirisch ausklammert, sondern auch normativ idealisiert und dabei dessen sozialen Eigensinn verfehlt. Anhand narrativer Intervi…

Undoing Differences Revisited.

2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag nimmt einen Blick zurück nach vorn auf das Konzept des Undoing Differences. Er soll im Sinne eines theoretischen Zwischenfazits den Nutzen und die Grenzen des Konzepts bestimmen und es in eine neue Reihe von Konzepten eintragen, mit denen sich die Negation und die Indifferenz von Humandifferenzierungen soziologisch erschließen lassen. Der Aufsatz begegnet der (inter)aktionistischen Reichweitenlimitierung des Konzeptes mit seiner Einordnung in drei Zeitebenen negatorischer Prozesse: (1) situative (In)aktivitäten verschiedener Aktivitätsniveaus, (2) Subordination und normative Inhibierung in der Konkurrenz von Unterscheidungen sowie (3) historische Prozesse ihrer De…