Search results for "102"

showing 10 items of 2892 documents

Properties and constraints of cheating-immune secret sharing schemes

2006

AbstractA secret sharing scheme is a cryptographic protocol by means of which a dealer shares a secret among a set of participants in such a way that it can be subsequently reconstructed by certain qualified subsets. The setting we consider is the following: in a first phase, the dealer gives in a secure way a piece of information, called a share, to each participant. Then, participants belonging to a qualified subset send in a secure way their shares to a trusted party, referred to as a combiner, who computes the secret and sends it back to the participants.Cheating-immune secret sharing schemes are secret sharing schemes in the above setting where dishonest participants, during the recons…

TheoryofComputation_MISCELLANEOUSHomomorphic secret sharingCryptography0102 computer and information sciences02 engineering and technologyShared secretComputer securitycomputer.software_genre01 natural sciencesSecret sharingCheating0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringDiscrete Mathematics and CombinatoricsSecret sharingMathematicsbusiness.industryApplied MathematicsCryptographic protocol16. Peace & justiceShamir's Secret Sharing010201 computation theory & mathematicsResilient functionsCryptographySecure multi-party computation020201 artificial intelligence & image processingVerifiable secret sharingbusinesscomputerDiscrete Applied Mathematics
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Asymptotics for third-order nonlinear differential equations: Non-oscillatory and oscillatory cases

2022

We discuss a third-order differential equation, involving a general form of nonlinearity. We obtain results describing how suitable coefficient functions determine the asymptotic and (non-)oscillatory behavior of solutions. We use comparison technique with first-order differential equations together with the Kusano–Naito’s and Philos’ approaches.

Third order nonlinearOscillation and non-oscillationDifferential equationGeneral MathematicsComparison technique010102 general mathematicsMathematical analysis01 natural sciencesAsymptotic behavior010101 applied mathematicsSettore MAT/05 - Analisi Matematica0101 mathematicsThird-order differential equationNonlinear differential equationMathematics
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Association of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities and Thyroid Autoimmunity With Preterm Birth A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019

Preterm birth complicates 5% to 15% of births worldwide, and although it is the most important direct cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years, no known risk factors can be identified in the majority of cases. However, overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism during pregnancy are well-known risk factors for preterm birth, and as such, the purpose of this study was to assess whether thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody positivity were associated with preterm birth. The study conducted a systematic review on the association of thyroid function or autoimmunity with preterm birth published from database inception to March 18, 2018, w…

Thyrotropin/bloodIodide Peroxidase/immunologyPremature Birth/etiologyThyrotropinHypothyroidism/complicationsThyroid Function Tests01 natural sciencesThyroxine/blood0302 clinical medicineMaternal hypothyroidismThyroid Diseases/bloodPregnancyEuthyroid030212 general & internal medicine030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicinebiologymedicine.diagnostic_testObstetricsThyroid diseaseAbsolute risk reductionObstetrics and GynecologyGestational ageGeneral MedicinePremature birthPremature BirthFemaleThyroid functionmedicine.drugAdultendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyLevothyroxineGestational AgeIodide PeroxidaseThyroid function testsAutoimmune Diseases03 medical and health sciencesHypothyroidismThyroid peroxidasemedicineVery Preterm BirthHumans0101 mathematicsAutoantibodiesPregnancybusiness.industry010102 general mathematicsInfant NewbornInfantOdds ratioNewbornmedicine.diseaseThyroid DiseasesPregnancy Complications/bloodPregnancy ComplicationsThyroxineAutoimmune Diseases/bloodbiology.proteinAutoantibodies/bloodbusiness
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D2R striatopallidal neurons inhibit both locomotor and drug reward processes.

2009

The specific functions of dopamine D(2) receptor-positive (D(2)R) striatopallidal neurons remain poorly understood. Using a genetic mouse model, we found that ablation of D(2)R neurons in the entire striatum induced hyperlocomotion, whereas ablation in the ventral striatum increased amphetamine conditioned place preference. Thus D(2)R striatopallidal neurons limit both locomotion and, unexpectedly, drug reinforcement.

Time FactorsstriatumParkinson's diseaseStriatumNeurons -- drug effectsEnkephalins -- metabolism10263 Institute of Experimental ImmunologyMiceDopamine Uptake InhibitorsTyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- geneticsCorpus Striatum -- cytologyDiphtheria ToxinGlutamate Decarboxylase -- metabolismstriatum; indirect opathway; A2A receptors; D2 receptors; locomotion; amphetamine addiction; Parkinson's diseaseNeuronsamphetamine addictionGlutamate DecarboxylaseGeneral NeuroscienceAmphetamine -- pharmacologyNeurodegeneration2800 General NeuroscienceEnkephalinsSciences bio-médicales et agricoleslocomotionmedicine.anatomical_structureA2A receptorsIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsReceptors Dopamine D2 -- metabolismPsychologyLocomotionmedicine.drugHeparin-binding EGF-like Growth FactorProtein BindingGlobus Pallidus -- cytologyReceptors Dopamine D2 -- deficiencyReinforcement ScheduleTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseGlutamate Decarboxylase -- geneticsLocomotion -- geneticsIntercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins -- genetics610 Medicine & healthMice TransgenicNerve Tissue ProteinsDiphtheria Toxin -- pharmacologyGlobus PallidusNeurons -- physiologyLocomotion -- drug effectsRewardDopamineDopamine receptor D2medicineNerve Tissue Proteins -- metabolismAnimalsGene Expression Regulation -- geneticsAmphetamineD2 receptorsReceptors Adenosine A2Receptors Dopamine D2indirect opathwayVentral striatumReceptors Adenosine A2 -- geneticsDopamine Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacologymedicine.diseaseConditioned place preferenceCorpus StriatumMice Inbred C57BLGene Expression Regulation -- drug effectsAmphetaminenervous systemGene Expression RegulationProtein Binding -- drug effectsTyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism570 Life sciences; biologyAutoradiographyConditioning OperantNeuronConditioning Operant -- physiologyNeuroscienceEnkephalins -- geneticsNature neuroscience
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An example of interplay between Physics and Mathematics: Exact resolution of a new class of Riccati Equations

2017

A novel recipe for exactly solving in finite terms a class of special differential Riccati equations is reported. Our procedure is entirely based on a successful resolution strategy quite recently applied to quantum dynamical time-dependent SU(2) problems. The general integral of exemplary differential Riccati equations, not previously considered in the specialized literature, is explicitly determined to illustrate both mathematical usefulness and easiness of applicability of our proposed treatment. The possibility of exploiting the general integral of a given differential Riccati equation to solve an SU(2) quantum dynamical problem, is succinctly pointed out.

Time-dependent HamiltonianClass (set theory)Solvable modelUnitary evolution.010102 general mathematicsGeneral Physics and AstronomyFOS: Physical sciencesMathematical Physics (math-ph)01 natural sciencesSettore FIS/03 - Fisica Della MateriaRiccati equation0103 physical sciencesComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATIONRiccati equationApplied mathematicsDifferential riccati equations0101 mathematics010306 general physicsQuantumDifferential (mathematics)Mathematical PhysicsMathematicsResolution (algebra)
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Smooth surjections and surjective restrictions

2017

Given a surjective mapping $f : E \to F$ between Banach spaces, we investigate the existence of a subspace $G$ of $E$, with the same density character as $F$, such that the restriction of $f$ to $G$ remains surjective. We obtain a positive answer whenever $f$ is continuous and uniformly open. In the smooth case, we deduce a positive answer when $f$ is a $C^1$-smooth surjection whose set of critical values is countable. Finally we show that, when $f$ takes values in the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^n$, in order to obtain this result it is not sufficient to assume that the set of critical values of $f$ has zero-measure.

TopologíaPure mathematicsmetric spaces46B80 46T20General Mathematicssmooth surjective mappingBanach spacesurjective restrictionnonlinear quotient01 natural sciencesfunctional analysisSurjective functionuniformly open mapMathematics - Metric GeometryFOS: MathematicsMathematics (all)Order (group theory)Countable set0101 mathematicsAnálisis funcional y teoría de operadoresDensity character; Nonlinear quotient; Smooth surjective mapping; Surjective restriction; Uniformly open map; Mathematics (all)MathematicsEuclidean spaceta111010102 general mathematicsMetric Geometry (math.MG)16. Peace & justicemetriset avaruudetFunctional Analysis (math.FA)Mathematics - Functional Analysis010101 applied mathematicsCharacter (mathematics)density characterfunktionaalianalyysiBijection injection and surjectionSubspace topology
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Extension theory and the calculus of butterflies

2016

Abstract This paper provides a unified treatment of two distinct viewpoints concerning the classification of group extensions: the first uses weak monoidal functors, the second classifies extensions by means of suitable H 2 -actions. We develop our theory formally, by making explicit a connection between (non-abelian) G-torsors and fibrations. Then we apply our general framework to the classification of extensions in a semi-abelian context, by means of butterflies [1] between internal crossed modules. As a main result, we get an internal version of Dedecker's theorem on the classification of extensions of a group by a crossed module. In the semi-abelian context, Bourn's intrinsic Schreier–M…

TorsorCrossed moduleContext (language use)01 natural sciencesCohomologyCohomology; Extension; Fibrations; Obstruction theory; Schreier-mac lane theorem; TorsorsExtensionMathematics::Category Theory0103 physical sciences0101 mathematicsConnection (algebraic framework)MathematicsAlgebra and Number TheoryFunctorGroup (mathematics)010102 general mathematicsTorsorsExtension (predicate logic)Obstruction theorySchreier-mac lane theoremCohomologyFibrationsAlgebraSettore MAT/02 - AlgebraSchreier–Mac Lane theoremSettore MAT/03 - Geometria010307 mathematical physicsObstruction theory
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Clarkson-McCarthy inequalities with unitary and isometry orbits

2020

Abstract A refinement of a trace inequality of McCarthy establishing the uniform convexity of the Schatten p-classes for p > 2 is proved: if A , B are two n-by-n matrices, then there exists some pair of n-by-n unitary matrices U , V such that U | A + B 2 | p U ⁎ + V | A − B 2 | p V ⁎ ≤ | A | p + | B | p 2 . A similar statement holds for compact Hilbert space operators. Another improvement of McCarthy's inequality is given via the new operator parallelogramm law, | A + B | 2 ⊕ | A − B | 2 = U 0 ( | A | 2 + | B | 2 ) U 0 ⁎ + V 0 ( | A | 2 + | B | 2 ) V 0 ⁎ for some pair of 2n-by-n isometry matrices U 0 , V 0 .

Trace (linear algebra)010103 numerical & computational mathematics01 natural sciencesUnitary stateConvexityCombinatoricssymbols.namesakeOperator (computer programming)FOS: MathematicsDiscrete Mathematics and Combinatorics0101 mathematicsMathematicsMathematics::Functional AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAlgebra and Number TheoryMathematics::Operator Algebras010102 general mathematicsHilbert spaceUnitary matrixMathematics::Spectral TheoryFunctional Analysis (math.FA)Mathematics - Functional AnalysisIsometrysymbolsComputer Science::Programming LanguagesGeometry and TopologyLinear Algebra and its Applications
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Trace and density results on regular trees

2019

We give characterizations for the existence of traces for first order Sobolev spaces defined on regular trees.

Trace (linear algebra)Mathematics::Analysis of PDEsBoundary (topology)01 natural sciencesMeasure (mathematics)Potential theorySet (abstract data type)Combinatoricsregular treeMathematics - Metric Geometry0103 physical sciencesEuclidean geometryClassical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)FOS: Mathematics0101 mathematicsMathematicsdensityMathematics::Functional Analysis010102 general mathematicsMetric Geometry (math.MG)Functional Analysis (math.FA)Sobolev spaceMathematics - Functional AnalysisMathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs010307 mathematical physicsTree (set theory)46E35 30L99funktionaalianalyysiAnalysisboundary traceNewtonian space
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Local maximal operators on fractional Sobolev spaces

2016

In this note we establish the boundedness properties of local maximal operators MG on the fractional Sobolev spaces Ws;p(G) whenever G is an open set in Rn, 0 < s < 1 and 1 < p < 1. As an application, we characterize the fractional (s;p)-Hardy inequality on a bounded open set by a Maz'ya-type testing condition localized to Whitney cubes. pq(G) whenever G is an open set in R n , 0 < s < 1 and 1 < p;q <1. Our main focus lies in the mapping properties of MG on a fractional Sobolev space W s;p (G) with 0 < s < 1 and 1 < p < 1, see Section 2 for the denition or (3) for a survey of this space. The intrinsically dened function space W s;p (G) on a given domain G coincides with the trace space F s …

Trace spaceFunction spaceGeneral MathematicsOpen setSpace (mathematics)01 natural sciencesDomain (mathematical analysis)CombinatoricsHardy inequality0103 physical sciencesClassical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)FOS: Mathematics46E350101 mathematicsfractional Sobolev spaceMathematicsMathematics::Functional Analysista111010102 general mathematicsMathematical analysis42B25 46E35 47H99Functional Analysis (math.FA)Mathematics - Functional AnalysisSobolev spaceSection (category theory)Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEsBounded function47H99010307 mathematical physics42B25local maximal operator
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