Search results for "ANTI-INFECTIVE"
showing 10 items of 204 documents
A Naturally Occurring Antibody Fragment Neutralizes Infectivity of Diverse Infectious Agents
2016
AbstractA phosphorylated peptide, named K40H, derived from the constant region of IgMs was detected in human serum by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Synthetic K40H proved to exert a potent in vitro activity against fungal pathogens, and to inhibit HIV-1 replication in vitro and ex vivo. It also showed a therapeutic effect against an experimental infection by Candida albicans in the invertebrate model Galleria mellonella. K40H represents the proof of concept of the innate role that naturally occurring antibody fragments may exert against infectious agents, shedding a new light upon the posthumous role of antibodies and opening a new scenario on the multif…
Management of febrile neutropenia in the perspective of antimicrobial de-escalation and discontinuation.
2019
Introduction: Infections are among the most frequent complications in patients with hematological and oncological diseases. They might be classified as fever of unknown origin and microbiologically or clinically documented infections. Optimal duration of antimicrobial treatment is still unclear in these patients.Areas covered: We provide an overview on the management of febrile neutropenia in the perspective of antimicrobial de-escalation and discontinuation.Expert opinion: Patients with febrile high-risk neutropenia should be treated empirically with an anti-pseudomonal agent such as piperacillin/tazobactam. Several clinical studies support the assumption that the primary antibiotic regime…
Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model to assess fucoidan bioactivity preventing Helicobacter pylori infection
2020
Currently, Helicobacter pylori is the unique biological carcinogenic agent. The search for antimicrobial alternatives to antibiotics against this pathogen has been categorized as a priority due to the drastic failure associated with current applied antibiotic therapy. The present study assessed the bioactive antimicrobial capability of fucoidan (“Generally Recognized as Safe” approval – European Commission December 2017) from different species of Phaeophyceae algae (Fucus vesiculosus, Undaria pinnatifida, Macrocystis pyrifera) against H. pylori. All the studied fucoidans showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects at the studied concentrations [5–100] μg ml−1 and exposure times [0–7 days…
Triclosan activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent apoptosis and affects Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 expression in mouse neocortical neurons.
2016
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent that is used extensively in personal care and in sanitizing products, such as soaps, toothpastes, and hair products. A number of studies have revealed the presence of TCS in human tissues, such as fat, liver and brain, in addition to blood and breast milk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of TCS on AhR and Cyp1a1/Cyp1b1 signaling in mouse neocortical neurons in primary cultures. In addition to the use of selective ligands and siRNAs, expression levels of mRNA and proteins as well as caspase-3 activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release have been measured. We also studied the in…
Synthesis of New 2-{[(Phenoxy or Phenyl)acetyl]amino}benzoic Acid Derivatives as 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Inhibitors and Potential Antiinflamm…
1995
A number of 2-([(phenoxy or phenyl)acetyl]amino)benzoic acid derivatives were prepared in about 50% yield from (phenoxy or phenyl)acetyl chloride and anthranilic acid derivatives. All the compounds were tested as in vitro inhibitors of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, since enzyme inhibition predicts potential antiinflammatory activity in vivo. The most active compounds 3 l, m, s are about 3.5 times more active than acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Activity is influenced by electronic as well as steric effects.
Marine Indole Alkaloids.
2015
Marine indole alkaloids comprise a large and steadily growing group of secondary metabolites. Their diverse biological activities make many compounds of this class attractive starting points for pharmaceutical development. Several marine-derived indoles were found to possess cytotoxic, antineoplastic, antibacterial and antimicrobial activities, in addition to the action on human enzymes and receptors. The newly isolated indole alkaloids of marine origin since the last comprehensive review in 2003 are reported, and biological aspects will be discussed.
Perspectives for the Treatment of Brucellosis in the 21st Century: The Ioannina Recommendations
2007
Policy Forum. Competing interests: ER has received research grants from Daiichi, Bayer, and Theravance and has served as a consultant to Pfizer, Theravance, Bayer, Wyeth, Rosetta, and BiondVax. Summary Points Brucellosis remains the commonest anthropozoonosis worldwide, and its treatment remains complex, requiring protracted administration of more than one antibiotic. In November 2006, a consensus meeting aimed at reaching a common specialist statement on the treatment of brucellosis was held in Ioannina, Greece under the auspices of the International Society of Chemotherapy and the Institute of Continuing Medical Education of Ioannina. The author panel suggests that the optimal treatment o…
The impact of direct acting antivirals on hepatitis C virus disease burden and associated costs in four European countries
2021
Eliminació del VHC; Punt d'equilibri; Infecció d'hepatitis C Eliminación del VHC; Punto de equilibrio; Infección de hepatitis C HCV elimination; Break-even; Hepatitis C infection Background and Aims We assessed the clinical and economic impact of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in England, Italy, Romania and Spain. Methods An HCV progression Markov model was developed considering DAA eligibility and population data during the years 2015-2019. The period of time to recover the investment in DAAs was calculated as the cost saved by avoiding estimated clinical events for 1000 standardized treated patients. A delayed treatment scenario because of coronavirus di…
Self-reported antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures from 57 intensive care units: An international ID-IRI survey
2022
Infection control; Multidrug resistance; Stewardship Control de infección; Resistencia a múltiples fármacos; Administración Control d'infecció; Resistència a múltiples fàrmacs; Administració We explored the self-reported antibiotic stewardship (AS), and infection prevention and control (IPC) activities in intensive care units (ICUs) of different income settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire to collect data about IPC and AS measures in participating ICUs. The study participants were Infectious Diseases–International Research Initiative (IDI-IR) members, committed as per their institutional agreement form. We analyzed responses from 57 ICUs in 24 countri…
In vitro and in silico studies of polycondensed diazine systems as anti-infective agents
2011
Infective diseases caused by protozoarian agents are still relevant today more than ever. In fact, they represent the first cause of death all over the world with seventeen millions victims every year. The development of drug resistance and the broad diffusion of these pathologies make actual the research of new molecules able to act as selective and effective anti-infective chemotherapics.[1] Recently several polycondensed diazine derivatives, by means 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, reactions [2, 3] were synthesized. A broad selection of these compounds chosen with a wide pattern of substitutions were submitted to biological in vitro screening against Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania Infantum…