Search results for "ANTIOXIDANTS"
showing 10 items of 827 documents
Oxidative stress in vascular disease and its pharmacological prevention
2013
Cardiovascular risk factors lead to enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase (XO), the mitochondrial electron-transport chain (ETC), and dysfunctional endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). When the capacity of antioxidant defense systems [e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heme oxygenase (HO), paraoxonase (PON)] is exceeded, this results in oxidative stress, which can promote atherogenesis. Therefore, pharmacological means to prevent oxidative stress are of major therapeutic interest. Some established drugs and novel therapeutic approaches can prevent oxidative stress and, presumably, vascula…
Clinical and Molecular-Genetic Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Antioxidant Strategies and Future Avenues
2020
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and ROS-signaling pathways activation attack the eyes. We evaluated the oxidative stress (OS) and the effects of a daily, core nutritional supplement regimen containing antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids (A/ω3) in type 2 diabetics (T2DM). A case-control study was carried out in 480 participants [287 T2DM patients with (+)/without (−) diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 193 healthy controls (CG)], randomly assigned to a daily pill of A/ω3. Periodic evaluation through 38 months allowed to outline patient characteristics, DR features, and classic/OS blood parameters. Statistics were performed by the SPSS 24.0 program. Diabetics displayed significantly h…
Dithiothreitol prevents age-associated decrease in oocyte/conceptus viability in vitro.
1998
The present study was designed to ascertain whether the negative effects on reproductive potential of post-ovulatory ageing in vitro of oocytes can be prevented by antioxidant therapy. Mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes were aged in vitro for 12 h prior to insemination in the presence of varying concentrations of L-ascorbic acid, 6-methoxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), L-cystine dihydrochloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), beta-mercaptoethanol and DL-dithiothreitol (DTT). In-vitro ageing of oocytes was associated with lower fertilization rate, higher proportion of concepti exhibiting cellular fragmentation at 24 h post-insemination and lower percentage of…
Wine consumption and renal diseases: new perspectives.
2006
Investigations into the relation between wine consumption and kidney disease have been limited. Patients with chronic renal failure show accelerated atherosclerotic damage and, considering the well-known protective effect of wine on the cardiovascular system, moderate wine consumption might be advantageous. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which are inter-related, play a role in the pathophysiology of many renal diseases, including acute and chronic renal failure. Ethanol and non-alcoholic wine components, especially polyphenols, influence oxidative balance and endothelial function. Although long-term alcohol abuse has been associated with many renal alterations in humans, in e…
Effects of dietary dehydrated lemon peel on some biochemical markers related to general metabolism, welfare and stress in gilthead seabream (Sparus a…
2019
Dehydrated lemon peel (DLP) at two levels (1.5% and 3%) was included for 30 days in the diet of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and after 15 and 30 days the serum and skin mucus of fish were analysed. In serum, both experimental diets led to an initial decrease in glucose and lactate after which the levels became comparable to the control. Dietary DLP modulated the activity of transaminases, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. The total antioxidant status showed a progressive increase in relation to levels of inclusion of DLP and time of administration (p '.05). In skin mucus, some biomolecular markers related to general stress, oxidative stress and apoptosis exhib…
Wine, Diet, and Arterial Hypertension
2007
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries, and the number of prehypertensive patients is increasing. The beneficial effects of moderate wine consumption on cardiovascular diseases have been demonstrated, along with the healthy influence of a Mediterranean dietary pattern. The association of these 2 factors on hypertension and its complications is considered here. As wine polyphenols exert a vasorelaxing action, they might positively influence the hemodynamic situation of these patients. These effects could be enhanced by dietary constituents, such as garlic, onions, and olive oil, which are widely employed in Mediterranean cooking. By evaluating many studies…
Do nutritional supplements have a role in age macular degeneration prevention?
2013
Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) supplements in AMD prevention.Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX andω-3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain).Results. High dietary intakes ofω-3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a benefic…
Lysine triggers apoptosis through a NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism in human renal tubular cells
2012
Progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), a primary inherited aminoaciduria characterized by massive Lysine excretion in urine. However, by which mechanisms Lysine may cause kidney damage to tubule cells is still not understood. This study determined whether Lysine overloading of human proximal tubular cells (HK-2) in culture enhances apoptotic cell loss and its associated mechanisms. Overloading HK-2 with Lysine levels reproducing those observed in urine of patients affected by LPI (10 mM) increased apoptosis (+30%; p < 0.01 vs.C), as well as Bax and Apaf-1 expressions (+30-50% p < 0.05), while downregulated Bcl-2 (-40% p < 0.05). Apoptosis …
Comparative cytoprotective effects of carbocysteine and fluticasone propionate in cigarette smoke extract-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells
2013
Cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) induce oxidative stress, an important feature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and oxidative stress contributes to the poor clinical efficacy of corticosteroids in COPD patients. Carbocysteine, an antioxidant and mucolytic agent, is effec- tive in reducing the severity and the rate of exacerbations in COPD patients. The effects of carbocysteine on CSE-induced oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells as well as the comparison of these antioxidant effects of carbocysteine with those of fluticasone propionate are unknown. The present study was aimed to assess the effects of carbocysteine (10−4 M) in cell survival and intracellular reactive o…
Sodium thiosulfate not always resolves calciphylaxis: an ambiguous response
2011
Calciphylaxis is a severe “vascular ossification–calcification,” associated with a very high mortality rate that involvesarterial wall, venular wall, and nerves resulting in ischemia and necrosis of skin, subcutaneous fat, visceral organs,and skeletal muscles. Sodium thiosulfate has recently been used as a novel treatment option for calciphylaxisbecause of its dual role as an antioxidant and a chelator. Multiple case reports demonstrated that such therapy hasresulted in pain relief and healing of skin ulceration. We report a case of calciphylaxis of large severity that had anambiguous response to sodium thiosulfate treatment (improvement of symptomatology and skin lesions, improve-ment of b…