Search results for "AUTOIMMUNE"
showing 10 items of 648 documents
Neuroinflammation by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes impairs retrograde axonal transport in an oligodendrocyte mutant mouse.
2012
Mice overexpressing proteolipid protein (PLP) develop a leukodystrophy-like disease involving cytotoxic, CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Here we show that these cytotoxic T-lymphocytes perturb retrograde axonal transport. Using fluorogold stereotactically injected into the colliculus superior, we found that PLP overexpression in oligodendrocytes led to significantly reduced retrograde axonal transport in retina ganglion cell axons. We also observed an accumulation of mitochondria in the juxtaparanodal axonal swellings, indicative for a disturbed axonal transport. PLP overexpression in the absence of T-lymphocytes rescued retrograde axonal transport defects and abolished axonal swellings. Bone marrow tr…
Heat Shock Protein-60 and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
2011
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is growing evidence that molecularchaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins HSPs, are involved in CVD pathogenesis. In this review we focus on HSP60,the human mitochondrial chaperone that also displays extramitochondrial and extracellular functions. HSP60 is typically cytoprotectivebut a number of stress conditions determine its conversion to a potentially toxic molecule for cells and tissues. We present illustrative examplesof specific subtypes of CVD where HSP60 is implicated in the initiation and/or progression of disease. The data not only indicatea pathogenic role for HSP60 but also its …
PKM2 promotes Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune inflammation by fine-tuning STAT3 activation
2019
Th17 cells undergo metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis to support their differentiation and pathogenicity. Damasceno et al. report that PKM2, a glycolytic enzyme, plays a nonmetabolic role in mediating Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune neuroinflammation by fine-tuning STAT3 activation.
Protein kinase CK2 governs the molecular decision between encephalitogenic T H 17 cell and T reg cell development
2016
T helper 17 (TH17) cells represent a discrete TH cell subset instrumental in the immune response to extracellular bacteria and fungi. However, TH17 cells are considered to be detrimentally involved in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). In contrast to TH17 cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells were shown to be pivotal in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Thus, the balance between Treg cells and TH17 cells determines the severity of a TH17 cell-driven disease and therefore is a promising target for treating autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling this balance are still unclear. Here, we report that pharmacological inhibition as well as genetic ablat…
Intracellular osteopontin protects from autoimmunity-driven lymphoma development inhibiting TLR9-MYD88-STAT3 signaling
2022
Abstract Background Autoimmune disorders, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), are associated with increased incidence of hematological malignancies. The matricellular protein osteopontin (OPN) has been linked to SLE pathogenesis, as SLE patients show increased serum levels of OPN and often polymorphisms in its gene. Although widely studied for its pro-tumorigenic role in different solid tumours, the role of OPN in autoimmunity-driven lymphomagenesis has not been investigated yet. Methods To test the role of OPN in the SLE-associated lymphomagenesis, the SLE-like prone Faslpr/lpr mutation was transferred onto an OPN-deficient background. Spleen from Faslpr/lpr and OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr …
Role of Th cytokines in thyroid autoimmunity
2007
Thyroid autoimmunity occurs when the immune system reacts against thyroid cells after targeting them like any other “not-self” antigen. To define a thyroid autoimmune disorder is often difficult even if the presence of auto-antibodies and/or autoreactive lymphocytes is a common feature. Although the pathogenetic mechanism is poorly understood, increasing evidences indicate that apoptosis is one of the key process that leads to thyroid auto-immunity. Afterward, Th cytokines have been considered the regulator factors of the cell survival in thyroid autoimmunity. Understanding the cell response from the perspective of type 1 or type 2 cytokines could clarify the pathogenetic mechanism controll…
Autoimmune liver disease in a sicilian woman.
2012
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease characterized by clinical features analogue to viral and non-autoimmune liver disorders, but with distinct sero-autoimmunologic properties. The disease results from a network of complex interactions involving genetic predisposition, triggering factors, autoantigens and immunoregulatory system. Diagnosis of AIH relies on positive autoantibodies determination and on liver core biopsy histological appearance. Corticosteroid and immunosuppressive drugs are generally useful in the treatment of disease. However, when inflammation cannot be controlled, progression from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis is often observed and hepatocellular carcinom…
Antimitochondrial antibody -M2 positive autoimmune hepatitis during standard of care for chronic hepatitis C.
2012
The current standard of care (SoC) for chronic hepatitis C, i.e. the combination of a pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) with ribavirin (RBV), may activate underlying autoimmune conditions. Particularly, interferon (IFN) has been known to induce or exacerbate autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in hepatitis C virus patients. We describe a severe, acute-onset antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)-M2 positive AIH appearing during the last weeks of SoC in a woman with chronic hepatitis C and no previous history of autoimmunity, and resolving on protracted steroids. In this context, the relevance of the characterization of the immunoglobulin isotype of portal plasma cells for …
DYSMICROBISM, INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND THYROIDITIS: ANALYSIS OF THE LITERATURE
2015
The human body is colonized by a large number of microbes that are collectively referred to as the microbiota. They interact with the hosting organism and some do contribute to the physiological maintenance of the general good health thru regulation of some metabolic processes while some others are essential for the synthesis of vitamins and short-chain fatty acids. The abnormal variation, in the quality and/or quantity of individual bacterial species residing in the gastro-intestinal tract, is called dysmicrobism. The immune system of the host will respond to these changes at the intestinal mucosa level which could lead to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). This inflammatory immune respo…