Search results for "Adverse effect"
showing 10 items of 1065 documents
Alendronate-related oral mucosa ulcerations
2000
Alendronate is widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Although it is considered a well-tolerated drug, there are numerous reports of adverse effects on the mucosa in the upper aerodigestive tract, with oesophagitis as the most common complication. The strict regulations for the proper administration of the drug indicate that these side effects might well be the result of a direct, irritant mechanism on the upper aerodigestive tract. We present two clinical cases of patients who developed extensive palatal ulcers as a result of taking alendronate. We discuss possible mechanisms implicated in the production of the ulcers and some clinical factors of interest.
Cardiotoxicity mechanisms of the combination of BRAF-inhibitors and MEK-inhibitors.
2018
Many new drugs have appeared in last years in the oncological treatment scenario. Each drug carries an important set of adverse events, not less, cardiovascular adverse events. This aspect is even more important considering the increasing use of combination therapies with two drugs, or three drugs as in some ongoing clinical trials. Besides it represents a growing problem for Cardiologists, that face it in every day clinical practice and that will face it probably more and more in the coming years. This work reviews the mechanism of action of BRAF-inhibitors and MEK-inhibitors used together, the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cardiovascular toxicity. Particularly, it focuses on …
Immunotoxicity of Therapeutic Antibodies and Nanoparticles.
2020
Therapeutic antibodies and nanotherapeutic drugs are of great concern due to their widespread use against numerous diseases worldwide. They are frequently used for targeted therapy under the assumption that they cause fewer side effects than nontargeted drugs. Despite their specificity and particular design for therapeutic actions, they might still exhibit unintended adverse effects in the immune system. Immunotoxicity reactions are mediated by immunomodulation, including immunostimulation and immunosuppression. The present review gives an overview on the adverse immunotoxic effects induced by therapeutic antibodies as well as nanotherapeutic drugs. In this context, future methods combining…
Preclinical evidence of new opioid modulators for the treatment of addiction.
2010
Addiction to opiates is one of the most severe forms of substance dependence, and despite a variety of pharmacological approaches to treat it, relapse is observed in a high percentage of subjects. New pharmacological compounds are necessary to improve the outcome of treatments and reduce adverse side effects. Moreover, drugs that act on the opioid system can also be of benefit in the treatment of alcohol or cocaine addiction. AREA COVERED BY THIS REVIEW: Recent preclinical studies of pharmacological agents for the treatment of opiate addiction (2008 to the present date).The reader will be informed of the latest drugs shown in animal models to modify dependence on opiates and the reinforcing…
Drugs and Toxins Effects on the Liver
2011
Drug induced hepatotoxicity can be defined as a liver injury caused by drug or herbal medicines leading to liver test abnormalities or to a liver dysfunction with a reasonable exclusion of the other competing aetiologies. The liver has a central function in the metabolism of the xenobiotics, and as a result it may be susceptible to its toxic or idiosyncratic effects. While the overall incidence of drug induced liver injury (DILI) is infrequent (1 in 10.000 to 100.000 persons exposed), the impact is significant in the general population, with broad implications for patients, physicians, pharmaceutical industries and governmental regulatory agencies. DILI is the principle reason for the termi…
Immunomodulatory drugs: Oral and systemic adverse effects
2013
Objectives: The main objectives are to present the different adverses effects of the immunomodulatory drugs that can impair the quality of life of the immunosupressed patients and study the impact of immunomodualtion on oral diseases. Immunomodulatory drugs have changed the treatment protocols of many diseases where immune functions play a central role, such as rheumatic diseases. Their effect on oral health has not been systematically investigated, however. Study Design: We review current data on the new immunomodulatory drugs from the oral health perspective based on open literature search of the topic. Results: These target specific drugs appear to have less drug interactions than earlie…
Inclisiran: a small interfering RNA strategy targeting PCSK9 to treat hypercholesterolemia
2022
Introduction: Inclisiran is a novel posttranscriptional gene silencing therapy that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) synthesis by RNA interference and has a potent, dose-dependent, durable effect in lowering LDL-C, and therefore is an effective drug to treat dyslipidemia, reducing the risk for acute cardiovascular (CV) events. It is safe and well-tolerated. Areas covered: This paper aims to review the mechanism of action of inclisiran while evaluating its efficacy and safety in the treatment of dyslipidemia from data of the clinical trials in the ORION program. Expert opinion: Data from the clinical trials in the ORION program demonstrated efficacy and safety o…
An overview of statin-induced myopathy and perspectives for the future
2020
Introduction: Statins remain the most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering drug class for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Their well-recognized side effects are known as statin-associated muscle symptom (SAMS). Some advances in this field have been made in recent years, but the understanding of the mechanisms has lagged. Investigating the specific role of the anti-HMGCR autoantibody, pharmacokinetic genetic variants, characterization of the known phenotypes of statin toxicity, in relation to clinical markers of disease, is of high importance. Areas covered: We summarized currently available findings (on PubMed) related to SAMS and discussed the therapeutic approaches,…
Syndrome démentiel du sujet âgé lié à un traitement par acide valproïque : à propos d’un cas
2008
In addition to the usual adverse effects, the chronic use of the valproic acid can entail dementia syndrome. We describe the case of a 68-year-old woman who had presented a dementia syndrome due to the use of valproic acid for one year. This drug was prescribed in order to prevent a potential convulsive crisis after an ischemic stroke in a patient who did not have a history of epilepsy. This case shows that each clinician must be careful about all medications consumed by the patient in the face of cognitive disorders.
Rhodiola rosea Impairs Acquisition and Expression of Conditioned Place Preference Induced by Cocaine
2013
A novel approach to the treatment of adverse effects of drugs of abuse is one which makes use of natural products. The present study investigated the effect ofRhodiola roseaL. hydroalcoholic extract (RHO) on cocaine-induced hyperactivity and conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. In a first experiment, mice received RHO (15, 20 or 25 mg/kg, IG), cocaine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) (COC), or a combination of both drugs (COC + RHO15, COC + RHO20, and COC + RHO25), and their locomotor activity was evaluated. In a second experiment, the effects of RHO on the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of cocaine CPP (induced by drug priming or social defeat stress) were evaluated. RHO alone did not in…