Search results for "Alcohol"

Regulatory changes in pterin and carotenoid genes underlie balanced color polymorphisms in the wall lizard

2019

Significance Reptiles show an amazing color diversity based on variation in melanins, carotenoids, and pterins. This study reveals genes controlling differences between three color morphs (white, orange, and yellow) in the common wall lizard. Orange pigmentation, due to high levels of orange/red pterins in skin, is caused by genetic changes in the sepiapterin reductase gene. Yellow skin, showing high levels of yellow carotenoids, is controlled by the beta-carotene oxygenase 2 locus. Thus, the color polymorphism in the common wall lizard is associated with changes in two small regions of the genome containing genes with crucial roles in pterin and carotenoid metabolism. These genes are likel…

Lipase-catalyzed resolution of anti-6-substituted 1,3-dioxepan-5-ols

2006

Abstract Several anti-6-substituted 1,3-dioxepan-5-ols were kinetically resolved using an immobilized lipase (Amano PS–C II) in toluene in the presence of vinyl acetate at 30 °C. This approach provided, in some cases, the alcohol and the acetate in high enantiomeric purity, depending on the nature of the substituent (R = N3, SePh, I, OBn) and the acetal group (unsubstituted or dimethyl). The role of the size of substituents is also discussed. Enantiopure anti-6-substituted 1,3-dioxepan-5-ols are useful building blocks.

Rational Design of Latent Fluorophores from Water-Soluble Hydroxyphenyltriazine Dyes Suitable for Lipase Sensing

2015

The phenol residue of water‐soluble 2‐(2′‐hydroxy‐5′‐dimethylaminobenzyl)‐4,6‐dimethylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine is masked by an enzyme‐labile protecting group constructed with a self‐immolative para‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol. The fluorescence of the dyes is restored with lipases under physiological conditions without aggregation or precipitation of the fluorescent dyes. Derivatives of 2‐(2′‐hydroxy‐5′‐dimethylaminobenzyl)‐4,6‐dimethylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine were synthesized by an original multistep protocol that afforded, after quaternization of the N,N‐dimethylaminobenzyl moiety, water‐soluble fluorescent dyes. These fluorophores exhibited excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer and large Stokes …

Dicarbonylchloro(pentabenzylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium as Racemization Catalyst in the Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols

2009

Dicarbonylchloro(pentabenzylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium has been prepared and its structure confirmed by X-ray analysis. This complex shows excellent catalytic activity and modest stability against air in racemization reactions of secondary alcohols. In Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of 1-phenyl- and 1-(furan-2-yl)ethanol compounds, the new complex shows improved performance as an alcohol racemization catalyst in comparison with its well-known pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl analogue, hitherto considered as the leading catalyst candidate. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)

Transcriptomic and proteomic insights of the wine yeast biomass propagation process

2010

Transcriptome and proteome profiles have been established for the commercial wine yeast strain T73 during an important industrial process: yeast biomass propagation. The data from both analyses reveal that the metabolic transition from fermentation to respiration is the most critical step in biomass propagation. We identified 177 ORFs and 56 proteins among those most expressed during the process, thus highlighting cell stress response, mitochondrial and carbohydrate metabolism as the most represented functional categories. A direct correlation between mRNA changes and protein abundance was observed for several functional categories such as tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins, heat shock prote…

Chromatin structure of the 5′ flanking region of the yeastLEU2 gene

1989

The chromatin structure of theLEU2 gene and its flanks has been studied by means of nuclease digestion, both with micrococcal nuclease and DNase I. The gene is organized in an array of positioned nucleosomes. Within the promoter region, the nucleosome positioning places the regulatory sequences, putative TATA box and upstream activator sequence outside the nucleosomal cores. The tRNA3 Leu gene possesses a characteristic structure and is protected against nucleases. Most of the 5′ flank is sensitive to DNase I digestion, although no clear hypersensitive sites were found. The chromatin structure is independent of either the transcriptional state of the gene or the chromosomal or episomal loca…

Bacterial Bioconversion of Primary Aliphatic and Aromatic Alcohols into Acids: Effects of Molecular Structure and Physico-chemical Conditions

1997

The biotransformation of four alcohol substrates (butanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol and 2-phenylethanol) into their acids was studied using a strain of Acetobacter aceti. Bioconversion yields depended on the molecular structure of the alcohol. Biotransformation of high concentrations of alcohols was possible until the precursor reached an inhibiting concentration (3.8 g dm -3 for butanol and 3-methylbutanol, 4.2 g dm -3 for 2-methylbutanol). In contrast, biotransformation of 2-phenylethanol decreased when alcohol concentration was higher than 0.3 g dm -3 . Dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH conditions of the medium were important factors in improving bioconversion. Transformatio…

Optical sensor for remote estimation of alcohol concentration in blood stream

2013

Abstract The purpose of this manuscript is to validate our recently developed novel optical approach for extraction of remote vibration sources as a successful technique to estimate the alcohol concentration in blood stream. This technique is based on the tracking of temporal changes of reflected secondary speckle patterns produced in human skin when being illuminated by a laser beam. Since the skin’s vibrations profile is changed due to the alcohol in the blood stream, the extraction of the vibration profile can be translated into the corresponding alcohol concentration values by means of defining several parameters acting as indicators for the presence of alcohol in the blood stream. We h…

1st International Conference on Fatty Liver (ICFL). Seville, June 1-3, 2017: Abstracts

2017

Mortalidad relacionada con el consumo de alcohol en España y en las comunidades autónomas en el año 2004

2008

Introduccion El consumo de alcohol se asocia a una gran morbimortalidad. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la mortalidad atribuible al consumo de alcohol en Espana y en las diferentes comunidades autonomas en 2004. Metodos Se utilizaron los datos de defunciones segun causa de muerte agrupados por edad, sexo y 60 categorias diagnosticas. Se calculo el numero de muertes atribuibles al consumo de alcohol por sexo y grupo de edad en 2004, para Espana y las distintas comunidades autonomas, a partir de las fracciones atribuibles propuestas por los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention para el calculo de la mortalidad en Estados Unidos en 2001. Se han calculado las tasas crudas y ajustadas …