Search results for "Allergy"

Role of IL-4 in delayed type hypersensitivity

1996

SUMMARY IL-4 plays a key role in the contact sensitivity skin reaction. This has several implications. First, the view that contact sensitivity (CS) is only mediated by cells with a Th1 profile of cytokine secretion needs modification, in the light of the essential role of IL-4 at the effector stage. Second, the concept of a single cell involved in the systemic transfer of CS is no longer tenable, as it is known that both αβ and γδ cells are required. Studies with the cell lines (which contain both αβ and a few γδ cells) suggest that this double requirement may involve the action of IL-4 on γδ cells, which bear receptors for IL-4. Finally, the view that T cell lines only transfer CS when in…

Immunotherapy targeting colon cancer stem cells

2010

In the last 10 years, cancer stem cells have interested the scientific community because this small tumorigenic population is also associated with tumor progression in human patients and specific targeting of cancer stem cells could be a strategy to eradicate cancers currently resistant to conventional therapy. Clinical studies have recently demonstrated that adding immune therapy to chemotherapy has survival benefits in comparison with chemotherapy alone that can sensitize tumors to immune cell-mediated killing (e.g., increasing sensitivity of tumor cells to subsequent cytotoxicity by T cells via upregulation of death receptors DR5 and Fas). However, loss of MHC molecules is often observe…

La diversité de consommation de fromages dans la petite enfance : un facteur protecteur des maladies allergiques ?

2015

Introduction Une diversité alimentaire importante et précoce a été montrée protectrice vis à vis des maladies allergiques (Roduit C. et al, JACI 2012 Jul;130(1):130-6). L'effet de la diversité de consommation de fromages, riches en microorganismes, n'a pas été étudié. Or l'exposition aux microorganismes est suspectée pour son rôle protecteur sur la survenue de maladies allergiques. Le but de notre étude était d'évaluer l'effet protecteur de la diversité de consommation de fromages vis-à-vis de maladies allergiques (MA) : allergie alimentaire (AA), dermatite atopique (DA), asthme (AS), rhinite allergique (RA) et bronchite (BR). Méthodes L'étude a porté sur 941 enfants de la cohorte PATURE (P…

2007

We have recently demonstrated that the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) shared epitope (SE) acts as a ligand that triggers nitric oxide (NO) signaling in opposite cells. Given the known pro-oxidative effect of NO and the proposed role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of RA, this study explores whether SE-triggered signaling can increase cellular oxidative stress. cAMP levels, adenylyl cyclase activity, and protein kinase A activity were measured using commercial kits. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified using the fluorochrome dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Oxidative DNA damage was quantified using the single-cell electrophoresis technique. Here, we report that cells e…

Presence of esterase inPinaceae pollen

1997

General esterases, like wall heterologous enzymes, may be implicated in allergenic mechanisms. We cytochemically examined the presence of these enzymes, bearing in mind thatPinus spp. is often considered a possible cause of allergies. Positive esterase results in fungus spores were found on the strip of a volumetric sampler. Data are reported here, together with the hypothesis of a possible esterase-allergenic link regarding fungus spores.

The second component of human complement: Detection of two hemolytic forms in plasma by pH Variation

1988

The second component of human complement (C2) in pseudoglobulin prepared from normal plasma eluted as a single peak at high conductivity (30 mS) and pH 4.5 from the cationic exchangers S-Sepharose or Mono S in the Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) System. The C2 was stable at pH 4.5 and 0 degrees C if enzyme inhibitors were used and the pH was raised to 6.0 after elution from the columns. After rechromatography on Mono S in the FPLC System at the median isoelectric point of 5.5 or pH 6.0, the C2 eluted as two distinct hemolytic forms: the first peaked at 16 mS, the second at 30 mS. The two forms of C2 did not correlate with the allotypic variant of C2 in individual, normal human pla…

Total Synthesis of a Partial Structure from Arabinogalactan and Its Application for Allergy Prevention

2020

Abstract Arabinogalactan, a microheterogeneous polysaccharide occurring in plants, is known for its allergy‐protective activity, which could potentially be used for preventive allergy treatment. New treatment options are highly desirable, especially in a preventive manner, due to the constant rise of atopic diseases worldwide. The structural origin of the allergy‐protective activity of arabinogalactan is, however, still unclear and isolation of the polysaccharide is not feasible for pharmaceutical applications due to a variation of the activity of the natural product and contaminations with endotoxins. Therefore, a pentasaccharide partial structure was selected for total synthesis and subse…

Description of a Simple, Specific, and Sensitive Test for the Detection of Detergent-Solubilized C3b Receptor

1981

Abstract The C3b receptor was isolated from detergent-solubilized human erythrocyte membranes by a previously described technique (1). The receptor glycoprotein was shown to enhance EAC14oxy23b rosette formation with Raji lymphoblastoid cells. This provided a specific and sensitive test to detect the solubilized C3b receptor either in crude or highly purified form. The property of the C3b receptor tested by this assay appears to be analogous to properties of β1H.

Molecular Design of the Cαβ Interface Favors Specific Pairing of Introduced TCRαβ in Human T Cells

2008

Abstract A promising approach to adoptive transfer therapy of tumors is to reprogram autologous T lymphocytes by TCR gene transfer of defined Ag specificity. An obstacle, however, is the undesired pairing of introduced TCRα- and TCRβ-chains with the endogenous TCR chains. These events vary depending on the individual endogenous TCR and they not only may reduce the levels of cell surface-introduced TCR but also may generate hybrid TCR with unknown Ag specificities. We show that such hybrid heterodimers can be generated even by the pairing of human and mouse TCRα- and TCRβ-chains. To overcome this hurdle, we have identified a pair of amino acid residues in the crystal structure of a TCR that …

Functional Opals from Reactive Polymers: Complex Structures, Sensors, and Modified Photoluminescence

2007

This paper describes the synthesis and properties of functional opal structures, so-called colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs), from a variety of reactive polymers. Photoprocessable opals are presented as well as opals with incorporated smart defect layers that can be actively addressed by external stimuli. In addition, opals with functional bio-macromolecular defects have been developed. They present a new class of materials for optical biomonitoring through shifts of the induced photonic defect mode. Strong modification of photoluminescence according to the photonic bandstructure is observed from opals with embedded exclusively luminescent defect layer.