Search results for "Amygdala"
showing 10 items of 169 documents
Ippocampo ed Amygdala
2012
Importanti patologie del sistema nervoso centrale come la sindrome da stress post-traumatico (PTSD) possono causare cambiamenti strutturali e funzionali che coinvolgono l’asse amygdala – ippocampo col diretto coinvolgimento della corteccia prefrontale ad indicare la stretta connessione funzionale tra queste tre aree encefaliche. Aumenti e diminuzioni di flusso sanguigno regionale nell’ippocampo, nell’amygdala e nella corteccia prefrontale mediale oltre che nel cingolo anteriore e posteriore accompagnano spesso le patologie della vita di relazione e dell’apprendimento. Secondo la teoria del cervello viscerale elaborata oltre sessant’anni fa da MacLean (1949), il perno del sistema limbico sar…
Early Social Isolation Stress and Perinatal NMDA Receptor Antagonist Treatment Induce Changes in the Structure and Neurochemistry of Inhibitory Neuro…
2017
AbstractThe exposure to aversive experiences during early life influences brain development and leads to altered behavior. Moreover, the combination of these experiences with subtle alterations in neurodevelopment may contribute to the emergence of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Recent hypotheses suggest that imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission, especially in the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, may underlie their etiopathology. In order to understand better the neurobiological bases of these alterations, we studied the impact of altered neurodevelopment and chronic early-life stress on these two brain regions. Transgenic mice displaying fl…
Identification of the reptilian basolateral amygdala: an anatomical investigation of the afferents to the posterior dorsal ventricular ridge of the l…
1998
The presence of multimodal association in the telencephalon of reptiles has been investigated by tracing the afferent connections to the posterior dorsal ventricular ridge (PDVR) of the lizard Podarcis hispanica. The PDVR receives telencephalic afferents from the lateral (olfactory) and dorsal cortices, and from the three unimodal areas of the anterior dorsal ventricular ridge, in a convergent manner. From the diencephalon, it receives afferents from the dorsomedial anterior and medial posterior thalamic nuclei, and from several hypothalamic nuclei. Brainstem afferents to the PDVR originate in the dorsal interpeduncular nucleus, the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and parabrachial nucleus.…
The role of the substantia nigra in the control of amygdaloid paroxysmal activity.
1981
AbstractBoth in acute and chronic cats, focal paroxysmal activity evoked in the ventro-basal complex of the amygdala has been inhibited by substantia nigra conditioning stimulation, to a greater extent, than by caudate nucleus activation. Injection of kainic acid into substantia nigra resulted in the disappearance of the caudate inhibition. It is suggested that the final control, exerted by the striatum on the amygdaloid seizures, occurs by means of the substantia nigra.
The control of amygdaloid seizures by the globus pallidus.
1981
Both in acute and chronic cats entopeduncular stimulation inhibits, to a greater extent than caudate activation, focal paroxysmal activity in the ventro-basal complex of the amygdala. Lesion of entopeduncular neurons, by means of kainic acid injection, induces a decrease of the caudate inhibitory effect. It is suggested that neostriatal control of the amygdaloid seizures occurs partly through the globus pallidus.
Maternal Motivation: Exploring the Roles of Prolactin and Pup Stimuli
2020
Motherhood entails increased motivation for pups, which become strong reinforcers and guide maternal behaviours. This depends on steroids and lactogens acting on the brain of females during pregnancy and postpartum. Since virgin female mice exposed to pups are nearly spontaneously maternal, the specific roles of endocrine and pup-derived signals in the induction of maternal motivation remain unclear. This work investigates maternal motivation in dams and virgin female mice, using a novel variant of the pup retrieval paradigm, the motivated pup retrieval test. We also analyse the role of prolactin (PRL) and of stimuli derived from a litter of pups and its mother, in the acquisition of matern…
Disruption of the ATXN1-CIC complex causes a spectrum of neurobehavioral phenotypes in mice and humans
2017
International audience; Gain-of-function mutations in some genes underlie neurodegenerative conditions, whereas loss-of-function mutations in the same genes have distinct phenotypes. This appears to be the case with the protein ataxin 1 (ATXN1), which forms a transcriptional repressor complex with capicua (CIC). Gain of function of the complex leads to neurodegeneration, but ATXN1-CIC is also essential for survival. We set out to understand the functions of the ATXN1-CIC complex in the developing forebrain and found that losing this complex results in hyperactivity, impaired learning and memory, and abnormal maturation and maintenance of upper-layer cortical neurons. We also found that CIC …
Early life stress is a risk factor for excessive alcohol drinking and impulsivity in adults and is mediated via a CRF/GABAA mechanism
2016
Childhood stress and trauma are associated with substance use disorders in adulthood, but the neurological changes that confer increased vulnerability are largely unknown. In this study, maternal separation (MS) stress, restricted to the pre-weaning period, was used as a model to study mechanisms of protracted effects of childhood stress/traumatic experiences on binge drinking and impulsivity. Using an operant self-administration model of binge drinking and a delay discounting assay to measure impulsive-like behavior, we report that early life stress due to MS facilitated acquisition of binge drinking and impulsivity during adulthood in rats. Previous studies have shown heightened levels of…
Effects of the Antidepressant Fluoxetine on the Somatostatin Interneurons in the Basolateral Amygdala
2018
Although the precise mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs remains elusive, the neuroplastic hypothesis has gained acceptance during the last two decades. Several studies have shown that treatment with antidepressants such as Fluoxetine is associated with enhanced plasticity in control animals, especially in regions such as the visual cortex, the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex. More recently, the basolateral amygdala has been shown to be affected by Fluoxetine leading to a reopening of critical period-like plasticity in the fear and aggression circuits. One of the key elements triggering this type of brain plasticity are inhibitory networks, especially parvalbumin intern…
Recollection and familiarity in dense hippocampal amnesia: A case study
2004
In the amnesia literature, disagreement exists over whether anterograde amnesia involves recollective-based recognition processes and/or familiarity-based ones depending on whether the anatomical damage is restricted to the hippocampus or also involves adjacent areas, particularly the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. So far, few patients with well documented anatomical lesions and detailed assessment of recollective and recognition performance have been described. We report a comprehensive neuroanatomical assessment and detailed investigation of the anterograde memory functions of a previously described severe amnesic patient (VC). The results of four previously published neuroradiologic…