Search results for "Autoimmune"

Autoimmune Lebererkrankungen: Diagnostik und Therapie

2004

Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and overlap syndromes of these three disease entities are regarded as autoimmune liver diseases. These conditions are important differential diagnoses of elevated liver function tests as about 10 % of liver transplantations in Europe and North America are for these indications. The diagnosis is often difficult but can be facilitated by sequential measurement of relevant autoantibodies, exclusion of other liver disease, ultrasound, ERCP and liver histology. In AIH immunosuppressive therapy has been shown to prevent or stop the development of cirrhosis and improve the prognosis of the patients de…

Heterozygosity for the hemochromatosis gene in liver diseases - prevalence and effects on liver histology

2000

:Background/Aims: The effect of heterozygosity for the C282Y mutation in the HFE hemochromatosis gene on iron accumulation and disease progression in liver disease patients is unclear. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of this mutation in 531 patients and 205 healthy controls. In addition, we assessed the influence of the mutation on liver histology in 34 C282Y heterozygous and 124 age-, sex- and disease-matched controls without the mutation using the modified HAI and Chevallier score. Results: The highest prevalence of the C282Y mutation was observed in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (17.2%, p<0.01) compared to 6.4% in healthy controls. Heterozygotes with hepatitis C and B virus …

949 IDENTIFICATION OF TWO CLINICALLY DISTINCT SUBTYPES IN AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS BY COMPARATIVE FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS

2013

Conclusion: Incidence of autoimmune hepatitis is increasing, as other autoimmune diseases in developed countries. The main recognised hypothesis is the ‘hygienist theory’ (improvement of hygien leading to a decrease in infections) with few putative non exclusive mechanisms involving antigenic competition, extension of immune regulation induced by exogenous bacterial antigen or Toll Like Receptors.

Strain differences in experimental autoimmune hepatitis

1990

T cell receptor Vβ chain restriction and preferred CDR3 motifs of liver-kidney microsomal antigen (LKM-1)-reactive T cells from autoimmune hepatitis …

2001

Aims/Background : The liver-kidney-microsomal antigen (LKM-1) has been recognized as a major CD4 + T cell antigen in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The aim of this study was to characterize the antigen recognition sites of the variable T cell receptor β-chain (TCRBV) of T cells specific to LKM-1. Methods: By repeated stimulation of T cells with a recombinant LKM-1 antigen or an LKM-derived peptide followed by limited dilution, we generated T cell clones. Usage of TCRBV was analyzed by RT-PCR and CDR3 antigen recognition sites were sequenced. Results: The 18 LKM-1 specific T cell clones isolated from six AIH patients preferentially expressed the TCR elements BV9, BV5S2+S3, BV6, and BV13S1. Four…

The asialoglycoprotein receptor as target structure in autoimmune liver diseases.

1991

Antimitochondrial antibody -M2 positive autoimmune hepatitis during standard of care for chronic hepatitis C

2012

The current standard of care (SoC) for chronic hepatitis C, i.e. the combination of a pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) with ribavirin (RBV), may activate underlying autoimmune conditions. Particularly, interferon (IFN) has been known to induce or exacerbate autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in hepatitis C virus patients. We describe a severe, acute-onset antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)-M2 positive AIH appearing during the last weeks of SoC in a woman with chronic hepatitis C and no previous history of autoimmunity, and resolving on protracted steroids. In this context, the relevance of the characterization of the immunoglobulin isotype of portal plasma cells for …

Suppression of murine experimental autoimmune hepatitis by T-cell vaccination or immunosuppression

1998

Patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) usually require immunosuppressive therapy for many years, if not for a lifetime. Experimental immunotherapy such as T-cell vaccination aims at manipulating the immune system in such a way that autoimmunity is specifically regulated to enable long-lasting correction of the disease process. We aimed to test the feasibility of T-cell vaccination as well as conventional immunosuppression in the murine model of experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH). EAH was induced in 5- to 7-week-old BALB/c mice by immunization with syngeneic liver homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant. For T-cell vaccination, splenocytes were removed from animals 14 days after indu…

Antiplatelet Antibodies Do Not Predict the Response to Intravenous Immunoglobulins during Immune Thrombocytopenia

2020

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disease due to autoantibodies targeting platelet glycoproteins (GP). The mechanism of platelet destruction could differ depending on the specificity of antiplatelet antibodies: anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies lead to phagocytosis by splenic macrophages, in a Fc&gamma

Humoral Mechanisms in T cell Vaccination: Induction and Functional Characterization of Anti-lymphocytic Autoantibodies

1997

T cell vaccination, the application of syngeneic attenuated T cells, has been shown to prevent effectively and treat experimental autoimmune diseases, but its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Here we present data on the induction of a humoral anti-T cell response by T cell vaccination, capable of strongly inhibiting T cell proliferation and of ameliorating experimental autoimmune disease. T cell vaccination in the Lewis rat induced autoantibodies reactive with several syngeneic T cell proteins. These autoantibodies were not detectable in normal Lewis sera as assessed by immunoblotting and flow cytometry with intact syngeneic T cells. The autoantibody reactivity was not restricted…