Search results for "Autoimmune"

Ankylosing spondylitis: an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease?

2021

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with hallmarks of both autoimmune and autoinflammatory pathology. In this Review, the authors examine the evidence for both disease processes and aim to reconcile the two.Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Unlike other systemic autoimmune diseases, in AS, the innate immune system has a dominant role characterized by aberrant activity of innate and innate-like immune cells, including gamma delta T cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, neutrophils, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and mast cells, at sites predisposed to the disease. The intestine is involved in disease manifesta…

Autoimmunity and liver disease

1990

Primary in vivo T cell reactivity of NZB grafts in H-2 identical allogenic hosts.

1983

By means of the Simonson GVH-assay and the popliteal lymph node (PLN) assay, the T-cell reactivity of NZB mice against H-2 identical allogenic cells was investigated in vivo and compared to that of normal mice. None of the normal mice did react, but a highly significant NZB response could be demonstrated, which did not depend on differences in Mls antigens. These in vivo results extend previous findings of a T-cell hyperreactivity of NZB mice in primary in vitro reactions. They favour the possibility that the T-cell hyperreactivity might be relevant in vivo in facilitating autoimmune responses.

Cutting Edge: IL-23 Cross-Regulates IL-12 Production in T Cell-Dependent Experimental Colitis

2006

Abstract Although IL-12 and IL-23 share the common p40 subunit, IL-23, rather than IL-12, seems to drive the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and arthritis, because IL-23/p19 knockout mice are protected from disease. In contrast, we describe in this study that newly created LacZ knockin mice deficient for IL-23 p19 were highly susceptible for the development of experimental T cell-mediated TNBS colitis and showed even more severe colitis than wild-type mice by endoscopic and histologic criteria. Subsequent studies revealed that dendritic cells from p19-deficient mice produce elevated levels of IL-12, and that IL-23 down-regulates IL-12 expression upon TLR ligation. …

The problems and promises of research into human immunology and autoimmune disease

2012

Translational research in autoimmunity is hampered by a number of hurdles, including a lack of knowledge regarding initiating and pathologically relevant autoantigens, the low frequency of autoreactive pathogenic B and T cells, difficulty in accessing the affected tissue, differences between self-reactive and pathogen-specific lymphocytes, a lack of etiologically relevant preclinical animal models and the heterogeneity of disease presentation. Given the need for biomarkers and new therapeutics, it is imperative that these hurdles be surmounted.

L’espressione di citochine TH1 e TH2 nei pazienti affetti da tireopatia autoimmune (AITD) e diabete di tipo 1

2004

Different Th1/Th2 cytokine expression in Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (T1DM) alone or associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD)

2004

Thymoma and paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis

2010

Paraneoplastic autoimmune diseases associate occasionally with small cell lung cancers and gynecologic tumors. However, myasthenia gravis (MG) occurs in at least 30% of all patients with thymomas (usually present at MG diagnosis). These epithelial neoplasms almost always have numerous admixed maturing polyclonal T cells (thymocytes). This thymopoiesis-and export of mature CD4(+)T cells-particularly associates with MG, though there are rare/puzzling exceptions in apparently pure epithelial WHO type A thymomas. Other features potentially leading to inefficient self-tolerance induction include defective epithelial expression of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene and/or of major histocompatib…

Association of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities and Thyroid Autoimmunity With Preterm Birth A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019

Preterm birth complicates 5% to 15% of births worldwide, and although it is the most important direct cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years, no known risk factors can be identified in the majority of cases. However, overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism during pregnancy are well-known risk factors for preterm birth, and as such, the purpose of this study was to assess whether thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody positivity were associated with preterm birth. The study conducted a systematic review on the association of thyroid function or autoimmunity with preterm birth published from database inception to March 18, 2018, w…

Endothelial progenitor cells: Are they displaying a function in autoimmune disorders?

2016

Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) are bone marrow derived cells able to differentiate in mature endothelial cells (EC) contributing to the generation of new vessels, connecting to fibronectin, and forming colonies and/or colony forming units. Since circulating EPCs can be actively considered part of endothelial damage in several cardiovascular diseases and autoimmune disorders the possibility to have a measure for endothelium damage should be considered of interest to predict the patient out-come. At the same time the EPCs proliferative and regenerative role could be considered for therapeutic applications. Studies have been performed to elucidate the role of EPCs in Systemic Sclerosis an…