Search results for "Benefits"

The Mediterranean diet: A historical perspective on food for health.

2020

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) represents the crystallisation of the centuries-old cooking legacies of different civilisations. The association of the MedDiet with longevity and low cardiovascular risk prompted the Seven Countries Study, which provided epidemiological evidence on the health effects of diet. This led to further studies, both epidemiological and interventional. Scales to measure adherence as well as studies of food components have consolidated a body of knowledge that is of great interest to institutions and governmental agencies. The recognition of its benefits for health has made the widespread introduction of the MedDiet an urgent challenge. Parallel efforts are being ma…

Should Contact Bans Have Been Lifted More in Germany?

2020

Abstract Many countries consider the lifting of restrictions of social contacts (RSC). We quantify the effects of RSC for Germany. We initially employ a purely statistical approach to predicting prevalence of Covid-19 if RSC had been upheld after 20 April. We employ these findings and feed them into our theoretical model. We find that the peak of the number of sick individuals would have been reached already end of April. The number of sick individuals would have fallen below 1000 at the beginning of July. If restrictions had been lifted completely on April 20, the number of sick should have risen quickly again from around 27 April. A balance between economic and individual costs of RSC and…

Current Insights on Early Life Nutrition and Prevention of Allergy

2020

The incidence of allergic diseases in childhood appears to have significantly increased over the last decades. Since environmental factors, including diet, have been thought to play a significant role in the development of these diseases, there is great interest in identifying prevention strategies related to early nutritional interventions. Breastfeeding is critical for the immune development of newborns and infants through immune-modulating properties and it impacts the establishment of a healthy gut microbiota. However, the evidence for a protective role of breastfeeding against the development of food allergy in childhood is controversial, and there is little evidence to support the ben…

Management of the paediatric airway: new developments

2006

During the last 2 years, some interesting new devices have been made available to improve airway management in children and infants, and several studies have advanced our understanding concerning risks and benefits of the current practice in the field. Certain risk factors for airway related problems during anaesthesia in children having a cold have been identified, and new aspects of the controversy concerning the use of cuffed endotracheal tubes in children presented. Novel video-assisted systems have been introduced for the management of the difficult airway in paediatric patients, and new applications for well known devices have been suggested, such as the laryngeal mask airway serving …

Comparison of physical activity and sedentary behaviours between young haemophilia A patients and healthy adolescents

2011

In recent studies, adolescent haemophilia A patients and healthy adolescents have been encouraged to participate in physical activity (PA) based on its many established health benefits. However, none of the studies to date has used objective measures of PA and sedentary behaviour. The aims of the current study included: (i) to determine the amount and intensity of habitual PA among haemophilia A and healthy adolescents, and in haemophilia A patients with and without bleeding episodes in the previous year, and (ii) to identify the type and determine the time spent in sedentary activities in which both groups participate to obtain a broadened view of their daily activities. A total of 41 adol…

Should contact bans be lifted in Germany? A quantitative prediction of its effects

2020

Many countries consider the lifting of restrictions of social contacts (RSC). We quantify the effects of RSC for Germany. We initially employ a purely statistical approach to predicting prevalence of COVID19 if RSC were upheld after April 20. We employ these findings and feed them into our theoretical model. We find that the peak of the number of sick individuals would be reached already mid April. The number of sick individuals would fall below 1,000 at the beginning of July. When restrictions are lifted completely on April 20, the number of sick should rise quickly again from around April 27. A balance between economic and individual costs of RSC and public health objectives consists in l…

Health benefits of participation in selected ‘hard’ martial arts for adults: A systematic review

2017

Returns to Childbirth Technologies: Evidence from Preterm Births

2013

We investigate the impact of obstetrician supervision, as opposed to midwife supervision, on the short-term health of low-risk newborns. We exploit a unique policy rule in the Netherlands that creates a large discontinuity in the probability of a low-risk birth being attended by an obstetrician at gestational week 37. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we consistently find no health benefits from obstetrician supervision, despite increased rates of neonatal intensive care unit admissions among births supervised by obstetricians. These results indicate potential cost savings from increased use of midwifery care for low-risk deliveries.

Operative Therapie bei Genitaldeszensus der Frau: Pro und Kontra der Verwendung von Mesh-Materialien

2006

Die gegenwärtige Entwicklung unterschiedlicher Mesh-Materialien hat zu einer Verbesserung der individuellen operativen Sanierung des Genitalprolapses geführt. Makroporöse monofilamentäre synthetische Netze scheinen geeignet zur Verwendung beim Rezidivprolaps oder bei ausgeprägten Beckenbodeninsuffizienzen zu sein. Die Verwendung von biologischen Netzen zeigt eine deutlich bessere Verträglichkeit mit weniger Infektionen oder Erosionen, bislang ist jedoch nicht das Problem der langfristigen Haltbarkeit geklärt. Die operative Korrektur des Genitalprolapses muss alle Risiken und Nutzen zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität abwägen, hier können Mesh- Materialien deutliche Vorteile gerade in der Re…

Physical Activity in Polluted Air—Net Benefit or Harm to Cardiovascular Health? A Comprehensive Review

2021

Both exposure to higher levels of polluted air and physical inactivity are crucial risk factors for the development and progression of major noncommunicable diseases and, in particular, of cardiovascular disease. In this context, the World Health Organization estimated 4.2 and 3.2 million global deaths per year in response to ambient air pollution and insufficient physical activity, respectively. While regular physical activity is well known to improve general health, it may also increase the uptake and deposit of air pollutants in the lungs/airways and circulation, due to increased breathing frequency and minute ventilation, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus, determi…