Search results for "CONST"
showing 10 items of 7706 documents
Improving Interpolants for Linear Arithmetic
2015
Craig interpolation for satisfiability modulo theory formulas have come more into focus for applications of formal verification. In this paper we, introduce a method to reduce the size of linear constraints used in the description of already computed interpolant in the theory of linear arithmetic with respect to the number of linear constraints. We successfully improve interpolants by combining satisfiability modulo theory and linear programming in a local search heuristic. Our experimental results suggest a lower running time and a larger reduction compared to other methods from the literature.
Conditional measures and their applications to fuzzy sets
1991
Abstract Given a ⊥-decomposable measure with respect to a continuous t-conorm, as introduced by the author in an earlier paper (see Section 1), we can construct ⊥-conditional measures as implications. These fulfil a ‘generalized product law’ replacing the product in the classical law by any other strict t-norm ⊥ and turn out to be decomposable with respect to an operation ⊥ V depending on ⊥, ⊥ and the condition set V (Section 2). More general, conditional measures are introduced axiomatically and are shown to be ⊥-conditional measures with respect to some ⊥-decomposable measure (Section 3). ‘Bayesian-like’ models are given which are alternatives to that presented by the author in a recent p…
Motivic Pattern Extraction in Symbolic Domain
2008
This chapter offers an overview of computational research in motivic pattern extraction. The central questions underlying the topic, concerning the formalization of the motivic structures, the matching strategies and the filtering of the results, have been addressed in various ways. A detailed analysis of these problems leads to the proposal of a new methodology, which will be developed throughout the study. One main conclusion of this review is that the problems cannot be tackled using purely mathematic or geometric heuristics or classical engineering tools, but require also a detailed understanding of the multiple constraints derived by the underlying cognitive context.
The Bernstein Basis and its applications in solving geometric constraint systems
2012
International audience; This article reviews the properties of Tensorial Bernstein Basis (TBB) and its usage, with interval analysis, for solving systems of nonlinear, univariate or multivariate equations resulting from geometric constraints. TBB are routinely used in computerized geometry for geometric modelling in CAD-CAM, or in computer graphics. They provide sharp enclosures of polynomials and their derivatives. They are used to reduce domains while preserving roots of polynomial systems, to prove that domains do not contain roots, and to make existence and uniqueness tests. They are compatible with standard preconditioning methods and fit linear program- ming techniques. However, curre…
Monolayers of asymmetrical diethylalkanoat disulfides on gold(111):.the influence of chain length difference on atomic force microscope images
1998
Several symmetrical and asymmetrical long-chain diethylalkanoat disulfides were synthesized and character- ized. The differences in the chain lengths of the disul- fides ranged between zero and five methylene units. Self- assembled monolayers of these disulfides formed on Au(111) surfaces were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in order to obtain information about the origin of the image contrast. Domains with hexagonal lattices (lattice constants 5:2- 5:3 A) were detected for all derivatives, independent of the chain length differences. This indicates that the contrast arises roughly at a depth of 4- 8 A in the monolayers at imag- ing forces between 0: 2a nd 3n N. For SAMs of diethyl…
Organocatalytic enantioselective functionalization of indoles in the carbocyclic ring with cyclic imines
2019
[EN] An organocatalytic enantioselective functionalization in the carbocyclic ring of indoles with benzoxathiazine 2,2-dioxides is described using a quinine-derived bifunctional organocatalyst. This aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction provides 4-indolyl, 5-indolyl and 7-indolyl sulfamidate derivatives in good yields (up to 99%) and with moderate to high enantioselectivities (up to 86% ee).
Asthma, allergies and respiratory symptoms in different activity groups of swimmers exercising in swimming halls
2021
Abstract Background Respiratory symptoms are common in competitive swimmers. However, among these and in swimmers at other activity levels the swimming distance, the total spent time in swimming halls and their medical background varies. Our objectives were, first, to assess their medical histories and the associations with respiratory symptoms among swimmers in different activity groups and then second, to study the pulmonary function findings and related medications in competitive swimmers who exercise in swimming hall environments the most. Methods First, 1118 participants consisting of 133 competitive-, 734 fitness- and 251 occasional swimmers answered questionnaires concerning their me…
Airways Hyperresponsiveness and the Effects of Lung Inflation
2001
Lung inflation has a beneficial effect on the airways of healthy subjects. It acts as a bronchoprotector, that is to prevent bronchoconstriction, and as a bronchodilator, in that it reverses bronchial obstruction. The bronchoprotective effect of deep inspiration is more potent than the bronchodilatory one, and the two phenomena appear to advocte different mechanisms. Asthmatics and rhinitics with airways hyperresponsiveness show an impairment in bronchoprotection induced by deep breaths, whereas the bronchodilatory effect, although reduced, is still effective. The lack of the bronchoprotective effect of deep inspiration may contribute to the development of airways hyperresponsiveness. The m…
Allo-repetition in Academic Settings. Cooperation, Understanding Co-construction and Knowledge Negotiation in the Medical Section of the ELFA Corpus
2015
In recent years, spoken academic ELF (English as a Lingua Franca) has been an object of in- creasing interest in linguistic and communication studies thanks to the position of academia as “one of the domains which have most eagerly adopted English as their common language in in- ternational communication” (Mauranen 2006a: 146) 1. In a context where different linguistic and cultural backgrounds come together, clarity and explicitness play a prominent role. In this respect, ELF research has paid much attention to the importance of communicative strategies, the most prominent of which is repetition. ELF studies on repetition have been carried out in several do- mains, including academia. Withi…
Mechanism of oxidative allyl transfer from allylic ammonium cations to palladium(0) α-diimine complexes
1996
Abstract The palladium(0) complex [Pd(η2-fn)(NN′)] (1, fn = fumaronitrile; NN′ = C5H4N-2-CH=NC6H4OME-4) reacts slowly and reversibly with A + CH 2 CH=CH 2 (2a, A = NEt 3 ; 2 b , A = C 5 H 5 N ) to yield the cationic η3-allypalladium(II) derivative [ Pd (η[ 3 - C 3 H 5 )( N N ′)] + (3) the free amine A and fn. The equilibrium constant Ke is (2.6 ± 0.1) × 10−3 for 2a and 1.0 ± 0.4 for 2b. Kinetic studies of these oxidative allyl-transfer reactions show that the rates increase with increasing concentration of 2 and with decreasing concentration of fn. A stepwise mechanism is proposed which involves slow and reversible displacement of fn by 2 to give a labile intermediate [ Pd (η 2 - CH…