Search results for "CORT"
showing 10 items of 3558 documents
Pre- and intraoperative methods of controlling cerebral circulation in giant aneurysm surgery.
1995
The surgical treatment of giant aneurysms usually requires temporary clipping of the aneurysmatic vessel. In planning the surgical approach and in applying temporary clips, the surgeon must consider collateral circulations. The functional integrity of the collateral vessels frequently decides the patient's outcome. In 8 patients with internal carotid artery giant aneurysm, measurements of blood flow velocities in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery were performed preoperatively with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) during manual occlusion of the carotid artery at the neck. Three different perfusion patterns were established, and each collateral capacity was rated as insufficient, te…
Isocortical Pathology in Type C Niemann-Pick Disease
1983
A case of Niemann-Pick disease was examined with Golgi preparations and a transparent Golgi impregnation counterstained for intraneuronal pigment deposits. There was a specific type of storage of unmetabolized substrate restricted to certain nerve cell types. The most conspicuous changes in the isocortex were: 1) dilated axonal segments in layer IIIab pyramidal cells filled with storage material; the volume of these axonal expansions often exceeded that of the soma; 2) distension of layer IIIc, layer V, and layer VIa pyramidal cell perikarya with storage material; 3) new formation, elongation, and vertical orientation of basal dendrites in layer V pyramidal cells; 4) well-preserved pyramida…
Indications of the occurrence of inflammatory reactions in the clinical improvement phase in multiple sclerosis patients.
2009
– In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) the spontaneous burst activity (BA) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was related to the clinical course of the disease. In five patients clinical improvement was found while the BA was significantly increased (more than 300% of the controls). During the appearance of new or deteriorating signs and in the period without clinical changes, the BA was not at all or not markedly increased. In two patients without clinical improvement the BA did not reach levels above 300% of the controls. Our findings suggest that inflammatory reactions represented by the BA occur in the phase of clinical improvement. Since burst-stimulating activity was found in t…
The attentional blink demonstrates automatic deviance processing in vision.
2011
Rare deviations in serial visual stimulation are accompanied by an occipital N2 in the event-related potential [the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN)]. Recent research suggests that the vMMN reflects automatic processing of information on the sensory level as a basis for change detection. To directly test the hypothesis that the vMMN is independent from attention, a rapid-serial-visual-presentation paradigm was applied: Either 300 ms or 700 ms after the presentation of a target (T1) a rare position change was embedded in the stimulation which elicited a vMMN. In another condition participants had to detect a second target (T2) after T1: Importantly, within 300 ms after T1, T2 detection was …
Reduced interhemispheric structural connectivity between anterior cingulate cortices in borderline personality disorder
2008
Functional and structural alterations of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key region for emotional and cognitive processing, are associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the interhemispheric structural connectivity between the left and right ACC and between other prefrontal regions in this condition is unknown. We acquired diffusion-tensor imaging data from 20 healthy women and 19 women with BPD and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Interhemispheric structural connectivity between both sides of the ACC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and medial orbitofrontal cortices was assessed by a novel probabilistic diffusion tensor-based fiber tra…
Correlative gene expression pattern linking RNF123 to cellular stress–senescence genes in patients with depressive disorder: Implication of DRD1 in t…
2013
Abstract Background The expression level of the RNF1213 gene in blood cells has been identified as a disease risk marker, more than ten years before the diagnosis of depression ( Glahn et al., 2012 ). To explore the status of this gene in the acute depressive state we have quantified the expression of RNF123 in the blood leukocytes ( N =17), dorsolateral prefrontal and cingulate cortex ( N =24) of patients with diagnosed depression and of matched controls. We have measured the expression of the DRD1 gene as a “neuronal probe”. We have also quantified the mRNA of six genes previously identified as markers of the biopsychological stress associated with major depression: FOS, DUSP1, OGG1, STMN…
Spatiotemporal Neurodynamics Underlying Internally and Externally Driven Temporal Prediction: A High Spatial Resolution ERP Study
2015
Abstract Temporal prediction (TP) is a flexible and dynamic cognitive ability. Depending on the internal or external nature of information exploited to generate TP, distinct cognitive and brain mechanisms are engaged with the same final goal of reducing uncertainty about the future. In this study, we investigated the specific brain mechanisms involved in internally and externally driven TP. To this end, we employed an experimental paradigm purposely designed to elicit and compare externally and internally driven TP and a combined approach based on the application of a distributed source reconstruction modeling on a high spatial resolution electrophysiological data array. Specific spatiotemp…
Cognitive priming in sung and instrumental music: Activation of inferior frontal cortex
2006
Neural correlates of the processing of musical syntax-like structures have been investigated via expectancy violation due to musically unrelated (i.e., unexpected) events in musical contexts. Previous studies reported the implication of inferior frontal cortex in musical structure processing. However - due to the strong musical manipulations - activations might be explained by sensory deviance detection or repetition priming. Our present study investigated neural correlates of musical structure processing with subtle musical violations in a musical priming paradigm. Instrumental and sung sequences ended on related and less-related musical targets. The material controlled sensory priming com…
The Resilient Emotional Brain: A Scoping Review of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Limbic Structure and Function in Resilient Adults With a History …
2020
Childhood Maltreatment (CM) is one of the strongest predictors of adult mental illness, though not all adults with CM develop psychopathology. Here, we describe the structure and function of emotional brain regions that may contribute to resilient functioning after CM. We review studies that report medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala and hippocampus (‘limbic regions’) structure, function, and/or connections, in resilient (i.e., adults reporting CM without psychopathology) vs. vulnerable (i.e., adults reporting CM with psychopathology), or healthy adults (adults without CM with no psychopatology). We find that resilient adults have larger hippocampal grey and white matter volume, and i…
Seeking the “Beauty Center” in the Brain: A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Beautiful Human Faces and Visual Art
2020
AbstractThe existence of a common beauty is a long-standing debate in philosophy and related disciplines. In the last two decades, cognitive neuroscientists have sought to elucidate this issue by exploring the common neural basis of the experience of beauty. Still, empirical evidence for such common neural basis of different forms of beauty is not conclusive. To address this question, we performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on the existing neuroimaging studies of beauty appreciation of faces and visual art by non-expert adults (49 studies, 982 participants, meta-data are available at https://osf.io/s9xds/). We observed that perceiving these two forms of beauty a…