Search results for "Cattle"
showing 10 items of 608 documents
Prions, mad cow disease, and preventive measures: a critical appraisal
2003
In 1996 the first key epidemiological study on bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE) appeared in the renowned journal Nature [1]. In that article it was estimated that by the year 1996, some 750,000 cows with BSE had entered the food chain in Great Britain. Accordingly, millions of people in GB must have consumed contaminated meat. That same year the first report on a new form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease [variant (v) CJD] manifesting in young patients appeared [26]. A connection between this disease and BSE was assumed. In view of the suspicion that the use of meat and bone meal (MBM) had led to the outbreak of BSE, feeding with MBM was banned in the year 1988. The number of new BSE infecti…
Occurrence of CTX-M Producing Escherichia coli in Soils, Cattle, and Farm Environment in France (Burgundy Region).
2012
Article en open access; International audience; CTX-M [a major type of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBU] producing Escherichia coli are increasingly involved in human infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate potential reservoirs for such strains: soils, cattle, and farm environment. The prevalence of bla(CTX-M) genes was determined directly from soil DNA extracts obtained from 120 sites in Burgundy (France) using real-time PCR. bla(CTX-M) targets were found in 20% of the DNA extracts tested. Samples of cattle feces (n = 271) were collected from 182 farms in Burgundy. Thirteen ESBL-producing isolates were obtained from 12 farms and further characterized for the pr…
Prevalence, Genetic Diversity and Factors Associated with Distribution of Listeria monocytogenes and Other Listeria spp. in Cattle Farms in Latvia
2021
Listeria spp. is a diverse genus of Gram-positive bacteria commonly present in the environment while L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii are well known human and ruminant pathogens. The aim of the present study was to reveal the prevalence and genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. and to identify the factors related to the abundance of pathogen at cattle farms. A total of 521 animal and environmental samples from 27 meat and dairy cattle farms were investigated and the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates was studied with WGS. The prevalence of Listeria was 58.9%, while of L. monocytogenes it was −11%. The highest prevalence of L. monocytogenes was found in th…
Early history of European domestic cattle as revealed by ancient DNA
2006
We present an extensive ancient DNA analysis of mainly Neolithic cattle bones sampled from archaeological sites along the route of Neolithic expansion, from Turkey to North-Central Europe and Britain. We place this first reasonable population sample of Neolithic cattle mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in context to illustrate the continuity of haplotype variation patterns from the first European domestic cattle to the present. Interestingly, the dominant Central European pattern, a starburst phylogeny around the modal sequence, T3, has a Neolithic origin, and the reduced diversity within this cluster in the ancient samples accords with their shorter history of post-domestic accumulation…
DNA Multi-Marker Genotyping and CIAS Morphometric Phenotyping of Fasciola gigantica-Sized Flukes from Ecuador, with an Analysis of the Radix Absence …
2021
Simple Summary Fasciolid flukes collected from sheep and cattle in Ecuador showed a high diversity in DNA sequences whose analyses indicated introductions from South America, European and North American countries. These results agree with the numerous livestock importations performed by Ecuador. Abnormally big-sized liver flukes were found in Ecuadorian sheep. The morphometric phenotypic CIAS study showed that its size maximum and mean very pronouncedly and significantly surpassed those of the Fasciola hepatica populations from South America and Spain and proved to be intermediate between standard F. hepatica and F. gigantica populations. Such a feature is only known in intermediate fasciol…
Effect of cholesterol on the physical properties of pulmonary surfactant films: Atomic force measurements study
2006
International audience; Atomic force measurements were performed on supported pulmonary surfactant (PS) films to address the effect of cholesterol on the physical properties of lung surfactant films. We recently found that cholesterol in excess of a physiological proportion abolishes surfactant function, and is the reason that surfactant fails to lower the surface tension upon compression. In this study, we investigated how the loss of mechanical stability observed earlier is related to the local mechanical properties of the film by local force measurements. The presence of 20% of cholesterol in bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES) resulted in a decrease of the observed adhesive interacti…
Pores Formed by Baxα5 Relax to a Smaller Size and Keep at Equilibrium
2010
AbstractPores made by amphipathic cationic peptides (e.g., antimicrobials and fragments of pore-forming proteins) are typically studied by examining the kinetics of vesicle leakage after peptide addition or obtaining structural measurements in reconstituted peptide-lipid systems. In the first case, the pores have been considered transient phenomena that allow the relaxation of the peptide-membrane system. In the second, they correspond to equilibrium structures at minimum free energy. Here we reconcile both approaches by investigating the pore activity of the α5 fragment from the proapoptotic protein Bax (Baxα5) before and after equilibrium of peptide/vesicle complexes. Quenching assays on …
Modulation of DNA binding by reversible metal-controlled molecular reorganizations of scorpiand-like ligands.
2012
DNA interaction with scorpiand azamacrocycles has been achieved through modulation of their binding affinities. Studies performed with different experimental techniques provided evidence that pH or metal-driven molecular reorganizations of these ligands regulate their ability to interact with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) through an intercalative mode. Interestingly enough, metal-driven molecular reorganizations serve to increase or decrease the biological activities of these compounds significantly.
Interaction of Doxorubicin with Polynucleotides. A Spectroscopic Study
2014
The interaction of doxorubicin (DX) with model polynucleotides poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) (polyGC), poly(dA-dT)·poly(dA-dT) (polyAT), and calf thymus DNA has been studied by several spectroscopic techniques in phosphate buffer aqueous solutions. UV-vis, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopic data confirm that intercalation is the prevailing mode of interaction, and also reveal that the interaction with AT-rich regions leads to the transfer of excitation energy to DX not previously documented in the literature. Moreover, the DX affinity for AT sites has been found to be on the same order of magnitude as that reported for GC sites.
Self-assembling of poly(aspartic acid) with bovine serum albumin in aqueous solutions
2016
Abstract Macromolecular co-assemblies built up in aqueous solutions, by using a linear polypeptide, poly(aspartic acid) (PAS), and a globular protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), have been studied. The main interest was to identify the optimum conditions for an interpenetrated complex formation in order to design materials suitable for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems. BSA surface possesses several amino- and carboxylic groups available for covalent modification, and/or bioactive substances attachment. In the present study, mixtures between PAS and BSA were investigated at 37 °C in dilute aqueous solution by viscometry, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential deter…