Search results for "Cell migration"
showing 10 items of 128 documents
Blockade of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors facilitates spontaneous migration of human peripheral granulocytes: failure in cystic fibrosis.
2012
Circulating leucocytes express muscarinic (m) and nicotinic (n) receptors and synthesize acetylcholine (ACh) regulating various cell functions. Leucocytes from patients with cystic fibrosis contain less ACh; therefore it was tested whether the regulation of cellular functions like migration differed from healthy volunteers.Peripheral blood (10-20 ml) was used, leucocytes were isolated by Ficoll® gradient and the commercial MIGRATEST® combined with flow cytometric analysis was applied (pore size 3 μm).In the absence of test substances 4900±1800 (n=10) leucocytes migrated within a time period of 2 h. In the presence of tubocurarine (TC, 30 μM) the cell number increased to 7500±2700 [n=10] cor…
The aged brain: Genesis and fate of residual progenitor cells in the subventricular zone
2015
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the adult mammalian brain through life. The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest source of stem cells in the nervous system, and continuously generates new neuronal and glial cells involved in brain regeneration. During aging, the germinal potential of the SVZ suffers a widespread decline, but the causes of this turn down are not fully understood. This review provides a compilation of the current knowledge about the age-related changes in the NSC population, as well as the fate of the newly generated cells in the aged brain. It is known that the neurogenic capacity is clearly disrupted during aging, while the production of oligodendroglial cells is no…
Mast Cells Induce Migration of Dendritic Cells in a Murine Model of Acute Allergic Airway Disease
2009
<i>Background: </i>The migration of dendritic cells (DCs) from the lungs to the regional lymph nodes is necessary for the development of allergic airway disease. Following activation, mast cells release a variety of stored or de novo-produced inflammatory mediators, several of them being capable of activating DCs. In this study, the role of mast cells on DC migration from the lungs to the thoracic lymph nodes was investigated in sensitized mice. <i>Methods:</i> Mast cell-deficient mice (Kit<sup>W-sh/W-sh</sup>) and their wild-type counterparts were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumine (OVA) in saline and challenged by a single intranasal administr…
Could beta-catenin regulate the expression of proteolitic enzymes during angiogenesis?
2009
During angiogenesis several modifications occurs at endothelial cell plasma membrane level as: MT-MMPs and serine integral membrane proteases (SIMPs) over-expression. Moreover, when endothelial cells during angiogenesis acquired a mesenchymal phenotype the cell-cell interactions mediate by cadherins are lost and β-catenin, a stabilizer of interaction occurring between cadherins and cytoscheleton, can translocate to the nucleus where acts as transcription factor in association to TCF/LEF. Our experiments were focalized to the expression/activation of proteolytic enzymes when cell-cell contacts are perturbed, by mechanical or site specific perturbations. We have analyzed the mRNA, proteins an…
The lipoprotein receptor LRP1 modulates sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling and is essential for vascular development
2014
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is indispensable for embryonic development. Comparing different genetically engineered mouse models, we found that expression of Lrp1 is essential in the embryo proper. Loss of LRP1 leads to lethal vascular defects with lack of proper investment with mural cells of both large and small vessels. We further demonstrate that LRP1 modulates Gi-dependent sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling and integrates S1P and PDGF-BB signaling pathways, which are both crucial for mural cell recruitment, via its intracellular domain. Loss of LRP1 leads to a lack of S1P-dependent inhibition of RAC1 and loss of constraint of PDGF-BB-induced cell migra…
Embryonic neural cell adhesion molecules on human natural killer cells
1989
The neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) are surface glycoproteins that were first described in brain tissue. NCAM mediate adhesion in a variety of cell-cell interactions. In the present study we show that the so-called "embryonic" NCAM, i.e., the highly polysialylated forms of these proteins, are expressed on natural killer cells and some CD3+ cells in man. Homotypic binding of NCAM, believed to be of importance for cell-cell adhesion in neural tissues, appears not to be essential for NK cell-mediated killing. Yet, NCAM might be involved in NK cell migration, homing or related functions.
Specific expression of a TRIM-containing factor in ectoderm cells affects the skeletal morphogenetic program of the sea urchin embryo
2011
In the indirect developing sea urchin embryo, the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) acquire most of the positional and temporal information from the overlying ectoderm for skeletal initiation and growth. In this study, we characterize the function of the novel gene strim1, which encodes a tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein, that adds to the list of genes constituting the epithelial-mesenchymal signaling network. We report that strim1 is expressed in ectoderm regions adjacent to the bilateral clusters of PMCs and that its misexpression leads to severe skeletal abnormalities. Reciprocally, knock down of strim1 function abrogates PMC positioning and blocks skeletogenesis. Blastomere tran…
Role of Chemokines in Melanoma Progression
2011
Metastasis is the main cause of death from melanoma. Chemokines are low molecular weight chemotactic cytokines that facilitate cellular migration. Thus, cells that express receptors for a given chemokine are attracted to the site of its production. As certain chemokines are found in abundance in organs that are common targets of metastasis and receptors for these chemokines are expressed by tumor cells, it was hypothesized that chemokine gradients might selectively facilitate metastasis to these organs. A later finding that these chemokines were produced by tumor cells, with evidence of autocrine effects, obliged the modification of that hypothesis. Many chemokines are also known to have op…
Abstract 1993: Fishing for artemisinin-interacting proteins from human nasopharyngeal cancer cells
2012
Abstract Determining cellular target molecules of drugs by chemical proteomic techniques is complex and tedious. Most approaches rely on activity-based probe profiling and compound-centric chemical proteomics. The antimalarial artemisinin also exerts profound anti-cancer activity, but the mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. In the present study, we have identified artemisinin-interacting target proteins from human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE1. Thereby, our approach overcomes usual problems in traditional fishing procedures, because the drug was attached to a polystyrene surface without further chemical modification. Using mass spectrometry we have identified 20 prot…
Migration of renal carcinoma cells is dependent on protein kinase Cδ via β1 integrin and focal adhesion kinase
2008
Migration and adhesion of tumor cells are essential prerequisites for the formation of metastases in malignant diseases. Protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to regulate cell migration, adhesion and proliferation. In order to identify a connection between PKC isoforms and tumor progression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the influence of PKC isoforms on cell migration, adhesion and proliferation and possible influences of the activity of integrins and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were analyzed in RCC cells. The experiments were performed in the RCC cell line CCF-RC1 after pre-incubation of the cells with the PKC inhibitors GF109203X, GO6976, RO31-8220 and rottlerin. Cell migration and adhesi…