Search results for "Consciousness"

Recovery from chronic diseases of consciousness: State of the art in neuromodulation for persistent vegetative state and minimally conscious state

2017

Chronic diseases of consciousness (CDC) can still be considered a challenging frontier for modern medicine, probably because of their not completely understood physiopathological mechanisms. Following encouraging evidence on cerebral hemodynamics, some authors have hypothesized a role for neuromodulation in the treatment of CDC patients. In the past 40 years, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been used experimentally for the treatment of patients in a severe altered state of consciousness, with some interesting but not conclusive results. The present review summarizes the data currently available in the literature on this particular and debated topic. On th…

Jünger Machines and aviators. The experience of war in young Jünger's photobooks

2013

El modo en que el jünger de los años 30 recuerda y describe la guerra en sus foto-libros concibe la misma principalmente desde la contemplación estética como un espectáculo de la naturaleza, en detrimento de su cruel dimensión moral y personal. Ello, que The way in which the jünger of the 30 s remembers and describes the war in his photobooks conceives it principally since an aesthetic comprehension as a natural spectacle to the detriment of its cruel moral and personal dimension. This, which to a large e

Functional correlate and delineated connectivity pattern of human motion aftereffect responses substantiate a subjacent visual-vestibular interaction.

2018

The visual motion aftereffect (MAE) is the most prominent aftereffect in the visual system. Regarding its function, psychophysical studies suggest its function to be a form of sensory error correction, possibly also triggered by incongruent visual-vestibular stimulation. Several observational imaging experiments have deducted an essential role for region MT+ in the perception of a visual MAE but not provided conclusive evidence. Potential confounders with the MAE such as ocular motor performance, attention, and vection sensations have also never been controlled for. Aim of this neuroimaging study was to delineate the neural correlates of MAE and its subjacent functional connectivity pattern…

THEORETICAL CONCEPT OF LEARNING PROCESS IN FOLK HIGH SCHOOL

2015

<p>Folk high schools during last 160 years have been known for being unique nonformal education institutions with their own philosophical conception established by Danish philosopher N.F.S. Grundtvig (1783-1872). Founded as national consciousness and Danish culture supportive institutions, folk high schools in short time became centres of democracy. The main ideas of these conception – „living word”, „enlightenment”, „enliving”, „school for life”, „personal development” – have made these institutions as providers of personal enlightenment, development and self-realization, where students enlived their transformations through dimensions of body, feelings and mind.</p>

Working memory performance is tied to stimulus complexity

2021

1. Summary Working memory is the cognitive capability to maintain and process information over short periods. Recent behavioral and computational studies have shown that increased visual information of the presented stimulus material is associated with enhanced working memory performance. However, the underlying neural correlates of this association are unknown. To identify how stimuli of different visual information levels affect working memory performance, we conducted behavioral experiments and single unit recordings in the avian analog of the prefrontal cortex, the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL). On the behavioral level, we confirmed that feature-rich complex stimuli demonstrated highe…

FRN and P3 during the Iowa gambling task: The importance of gender.

2020

Previous research has shown gender-related psychobiological differences in risky and competitive strategies that affect win and loss outcomes. In addition, some studies have found differences in the decision-making process, with women taking longer to reach the same performance as men. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate gender differences in behavioral performance and neural correlates during a decision-making task, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Forty healthy young adults (23 men and 17 women) performed the IGT while the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3 were recorded as neural correlates of feedback processing. No gender …

Supramodal neural processing of abstract information conveyed by speech and gesture

2013

Abstractness and modality of interpersonal communication have a considerable impact on comprehension. They are relevant for determining thoughts and constituting internal models of the environment. Whereas concrete object-related information can be represented in mind irrespective of language, abstract concepts require a representation in speech. Consequently, modality-independent processing of abstract information can be expected. Here we investigated the neural correlates of abstractness (abstract vs. concrete) and modality (speech vs. gestures), to identify an abstractness-specific supramodal neural network. During fMRI data acquisition 20 participants were presented with videos of an ac…

An fMRI Study to Analyze Neural Correlates of Presence during Virtual Reality Experiences

2013

[EN] In the field of virtual reality (VR), many efforts have been made to analyze presence, the sense of being in the virtual world. However, it is only recently that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to study presence during an automatic navigation through a virtual environment. In the present work, our aim was to use fMRI to study the sense of presence during a VR-free navigation task, in comparison with visualization of photographs and videos (automatic navigations through the same environment). The main goal was to analyze the usefulness of fMRI for this purpose, evaluating whether, in this context, the interaction between the subject and the environment is perf…

2014

Due to its millisecond-scale temporal resolution, EEG allows to assess neural correlates with precisely defined temporal relationship relative to a given event. This knowledge is generally lacking in data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which has a temporal resolution on the scale of seconds so that possibilities to combine the two modalities are sought. Previous applications combining event-related potentials (ERPs) with simultaneous fMRI BOLD generally aimed at measuring known ERP components in single trials and correlate the resulting time series with the fMRI BOLD signal. While it is a valuable first step, this procedure cannot guarantee that variability of the chosen …

The obsessions of the green-eyed monster: jealousy and the female brain

2019

The present brain-imaging study assessed neural correlates of romantic jealousy in women who had suffered real infidelity by their partner. We predicted to find activation across different brain st...