Search results for "DIET"
showing 10 items of 4602 documents
Genomic and non-genomic mechanisms of action of thyroid hormones and their catabolite 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine in Mammals
2020
Since the realization that the cellular homologs of a gene found in the retrovirus that contributes to erythroblastosis in birds (v-erbA), i.e. the proto-oncogene c-erbA encodes the nuclear receptors for thyroid hormones (THs), most of the interest for THs focalized on their ability to control gene transcription. It was found, indeed, that, by regulating gene expression in many tissues, these hormones could mediate critical events both in development and in adult organisms. Among their effects, much attention was given to their ability to increase energy expenditure, and they were early proposed as anti-obesity drugs. However, their clinical use has been strongly challenged by the concomita…
Direct Experience While Eating in a Sample With Eating Disorders and Obesity
2018
Background: Individuals with eating disorders might be characterized by lower levels of direct engagement with the eating experience. This study aims to explore similarities and differences in direct experience while eating in four different weight conditions and healthy controls (HCs): anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS), and obesity (OB). Methods: A total sample of 143 women were recruited. Participants were asked to eat an orange slice and write down 10 things about the experience of eating, classifying the focus of these thoughts as either experiential (“direct experience”) or analytical (“thinking about”). A direct experience in…
The sensory and nutritional experience of parents guide offsprings' feeding behavior
2016
Le comportement alimentaire est régulé par des facteurs physiologiques intrinsèques et est largement influencé par l’environnement culturel. Une prise alimentaire excessive et un mode de vie trop sédentaire sont les principales raisons de l’épidémie mondiale d’obésité. Si l’influence du contexte familial sur les habitudes alimentaires ne fait aucun doute, le fait que l’état nutritionnel, métabolique et hormonal des parents avant la conception, puis de la mère pendant la gestation et l’allaitement puisse influencer le comportement alimentaire futur de l’enfant est un concept novateur qui ouvre la voie à des mesures de prévention. Au cours des dernières décennies, des travaux sur des cohortes…
Lack of Hypothalamus Polysialylation Inducibility Correlates With Maladaptive Eating Behaviors and Predisposition to Obesity
2018
This original research article (6 p.) is part of the research topic . Specialty section: This article was submitted to Neuroenergetics, Nutrition and Brain Health, a section of the journal Frontiers in Nutrition.; International audience; High variability exists in individual susceptibility to develop overweight in an obesogenic environment and the biological underpinnings of this heterogeneity are poorly understood. In this brief report, we show in mice that the vulnerability to diet-induced obesity is associated with low level of polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a factor of neural plasticity, in the hypothalamus. As we previously shown that reduction of hypothalami…
Betaine and Choline Improve Lipid Homeostasis in Obesity by Participation in Mitochondrial Oxidative Demethylation
2018
We investigated the metabolic effects of betaine (Bet) supplementation on CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase/Pcyt2 heterozygous mice (HET). HET received either no treatment or were allowed access to 1% Bet supplemented water for 8 weeks. As we previously showed with choline (Cho), Bet improved hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis in HET. The protection from obesity associated with reduced hepatic steatosis and increased lipid breakdown in adipocytes was attributed to increased energy requirements for metabolism and elimination of supplemented Bet and Cho. 1H-NMR-based profiling revealed metabolic changes caused by Bet and Cho supplementation. Cho increased the citric acid c…
Sweeteners and sweetness enhancers
2017
indexation en cours; PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The current review summarizes and discusses current knowledge on sweeteners and sweetness enhancers. RECENT FINDINGS: The perception of sweet taste is mediated by the type 1 taste receptor 2 (T1R2)/type 1 taste receptor 3 (T1R3) receptor, which is expressed in the oral cavity, where it provides input on the caloric and macronutrient contents of ingested food. This receptor recognizes all the compounds (natural or artificial) perceived as sweet by people. Sweeteners are highly chemically diverse including natural sugars, sugar alcohols, natural and synthetic sweeteners, and sweet-tasting proteins. This single receptor is also the target for developing …
Diet-Induced Rabbit Models for the Study of Metabolic Syndrome
2019
Simple Summary In recent years, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become more prevalent owing to increased unhealthy habits and sedentary lifestyles, becoming public health problems. Experimental studies have allowed us to explore the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological processes related to MetS. Several research protocols can be carried out with minimal staff, maintenance, and resources in animals such as rabbits. High-fat diets enriched with other components, mainly cholesterol and sugars, result in the rapid development of hypercholesterolemia and vascular alterations as a response to dietary manipulation. Furthermore, other experimental models, including transgenic rab…
Microwear and isotopic analyses on cave bear remains from Toll Cave reveal both short-term and long-term dietary habits
2019
Dietary habits of the extinct Ursus spelaeus have always been a controversial topic in paleontological studies. In this work, we investigate carbon and nitrogen values in the bone collagen and dental microwear of U. spelaeus specimens recovered in Level 4 from Toll Cave (Moia, Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula). These remains have been dated to > 49,000 C-14 BP. The ability of both proxies to provide data on the diet of U. spelaeus at different times in the life-history (isotopes: average diet of life; microwear: last days/weeks before death), allows us to generate high-resolution and complementary data. Our results show lower values (delta C-13 & delta N-15) in cave bears than in strict herb…
Effects of Infant Formula With Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth and Morbidity: A Randomized Multicenter Trial
2017
Objectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of infant formula supplemented with 2 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) on infant growth, tolerance, and morbidity. Methods:Healthy infants, 0 to 14 days old, were randomized to an intact-protein, cow's milk-based infant formula (control, n=87) or the same formula with 1.0g/L 2fucosyllactose (2FL) and 0.5g/L lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) (test, n=88) from enrollment to 6 months; all infants received standard follow-up formula without HMOs from 6 to 12 months. Primary endpoint was weight gain through 4 months. Secondary endpoints included additional anthropometric measures, gastrointestinal tolerance, behavioral patterns, and morbidit…
Validation of the Satisfaction Questionnaire with physical education classes (CSCEF) in the Latin American context
2020
The objective of this study was to validate the Satisfaction Questionnaire in Physical Education Classes (CSCEF) in the context of Latin America (Dominican Republic). 1298 students aged between 15 and 21 participated. The psychometric properties of the instrument were analysed. The results demonstrated that the best factor solution would be a multidimensional model represented by nine dimensions for the satisfaction construct, as well as a higher-order model. According to Cronbach's alpha and omega index, values between .66 and .99 were obtained. The Latin American version of the CSCEF was invariant with respect to gender. Although the results of this study support the validity and reliabil…