Search results for "DISEASES"
showing 10 items of 20537 documents
Cardiac regenerative capacity is age- and disease-dependent in childhood heart disease
2018
Objective We sought to define the intrinsic stem cell capacity in pediatric heart lesions, and the effects of diagnosis and of age, in order to inform evidence-based use of potential autologous stem cell sources for regenerative medicine therapy. Methods Ventricular explants derived from patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tetralogy of Fallot (TF), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) were analyzed following standard in vitro culture conditions, which yielded cardiospheres (C-spheres), indicative of endogenous stem cell capacity. C-sphere counts generated per 5 mm3 tissue explant and the presence of cardiac progenitor cells were correlated to pa…
Environmental Factors Such as Noise and Air Pollution and Vascular Disease
2020
Significance: According to the World Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases are the globally leading cause of mortality. Recent Advances: About 71% of 56 million deaths that occurred worldwide are due to noncommunicable cardiovascular risk factors, including tobacco smoking, unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, overweight, arterial hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, which can be either avoided or substantially reduced. Critical Issues: Thus, it is estimated that 80% of premature heart disease, stroke, and diabetes can be prevented. More recent evidence indicates that environmental stressors such as noise and air pollution contribute significantly to the global b…
Disentangling the effect of host genetics and gut microbiota on resistance to an intestinal parasite
2019
11 pages; International audience; Resistance to infection is a multifactorial trait, and recent work has suggested that the gut microbiota can also contribute to resistance. Here, we performed a fecal microbiota transplant to disentangle the contribution of the gut microbiota and host genetics as drivers of resistance to the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. We transplanted the microbiota of a strain of mice (SJL), resistant to H. polygyrus, into a susceptible strain (CBA) and vice-versa. We predicted that if the microbiota shapes resistance to H. polygyrus, the FMT should reverse the pattern of resistance between the two host strains. The two host strains had different microbi…
Gut-microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles: Overlooked mediators in host–helminth interactions?
2021
Helminth infections impact the composition of the mammalian gut microbiota; however, the mechanisms underpinning these interactions are, thus far, unknown. In this article, we propose that microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles might represent key players in host-helminth-microbiome crosstalk, and outline future directions to elucidate their role(s) in host-parasite relationships.
Th2 and Th1 Responses: Clear and Hidden Sides of Immunity Against Intestinal Helminths.
2017
Intestinal helminthiases affect millions of people worldwide, mainly in developing regions, where they cause a significant negative impact on human health and socioeconomic growth of affected populations. However, intestinal helminthiases are still among the most neglected tropical diseases. Protective immunity against intestinal helminths is associated with development of type 2 responses. Nevertheless, in some host–intestinal helminth combinations, local Th1 responses are initiated, inducing chronicity. The usage of helminth–mouse models is useful for elucidating the mechanisms behind the initiation of each type of response. Herein, the current knowledge on these topics is reviewed, payin…
Classic Models for New Perspectives: Delving into Helminth–Microbiota–Immune System Interactions
2018
Whilst a wealth of data indicate that infections by gastrointestinal helminths are accompanied by significant alterations in the composition of the vertebrate gut flora, little is known of the immune-molecular mechanisms that regulate host-parasite-microbiota interactions. 'Traditional' experimental models of gastrointestinal helminthiases, in which the role(s) of each of the components of this triad can be tested, provide an opportunity to advance research in this area. In this article, we propose the Echinostoma caproni-mouse system as a potentially useful tool for studies of the role of the host gut microbiota in preventing pathology and inducing parasite clearance via interleukin (IL)-2…
Genetic characterization of influenza viruses from influenza-related hospital admissions in the St. Petersburg and Valencia sites of the Global Influ…
2016
Abstract Background Continuous surveillance for genetic changes in circulating influenza viruses is needed to guide influenza prevention and control. Objectives To compare intra-seasonal influenza genetic diversity of hemagglutinin in influenza A strains isolated from influenza hospital admissions collected at two distinct sites during the same season. Study design Comparative phylogenetic analysis of full-length hemagglutinin genes from 77 isolated influenza A viruses from the St. Petersburg, Russian Federation and Valencia, Spain sites of the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) during the 2013/14 season. Results We found significant variability in A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm…
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria: When delay in diagnosis and long therapy occurs
2017
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare clonal disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia, bone marrow failure and thrombosis, caused by a somaticmutation in PIG-A gene that results in theabsence of CD55 and CD59, two important complement regulatory proteins. In thispaper, a case of PNH is retrospectively examined looking for clinical and laboratory features, and the entire course of the disease from the onset of the symptoms isdescribed, together with an adequate follow-up over a 7-years treatment period. Inthis case, the not specificity and the limited clinical relevance of the symptoms led to adelay in diagnosis. After thrombosis, Eculizumab therapy has been shown to be effec…
Rab33B Controls Hepatitis B Virus Assembly by Regulating Core Membrane Association and Nucleocapsid Processing
2017
Many viruses take advantage of cellular trafficking machineries to assemble and release new infectious particles. Using RNA interference (RNAi), we demonstrate that the Golgi/autophagosome-associated Rab33B is required for hepatitis B virus (HBV) propagation in hepatoma cell lines. While Rab33B is dispensable for the secretion of HBV subviral envelope particles, its knockdown reduced the virus yield to 20% and inhibited nucleocapsid (NC) formation and/or NC trafficking. The overexpression of a GDP-restricted Rab33B mutant phenocopied the effect of deficit Rab33B, indicating that Rab33B-specific effector proteins may be involved. Moreover, we found that HBV replication enhanced Rab33B expres…
Failure on voxilaprevir, velpatasvir, sofosbuvir and efficacy of rescue therapy
2021
Background & Aims There are limited data on patients with chronic HCV infection in whom combination voxilaprevir (VOX), velpatasvir (VEL), sofosbuvir (SOF) retreatment fails. Thus, we aimed to assess treatment failure and rescue treatment options in these patients. Methods Samples from 40 patients with HCV genotypes (GT) 1-4 in whom VOX/VEL/SOF retreatment failed were collected within the European Resistance Study Group. Population-based resistance analyses were conducted and clinical parameters and retreatment efficacies were evaluated retrospectively in 22 patients. Results Most VOX/VEL/SOF failure patients were infected with HCV GT3a (n = 18, 45%) or GT1a (n = 11, 28%) and had cirrhosis …