Search results for "Dendritic Cell"
showing 10 items of 447 documents
Release of IL-12 by dendritic cells activated by TLR ligation is dependent on MyD88 signaling, whereas TRIF signaling is indispensable for TLR synerg…
2010
Abstract Synergistic activation of dendritic cells by combinations of TLR ligands requires both MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling. Recently, it has been shown that certain combinations of TLR ligands act in synergy to induce the release of IL-12 by DCs. In this study, we sought to define the critical parameters underlying TLR synergy. Our data show that TLR ligands act synergistically if MyD88- and TRIF-dependent ligands are combined. TLR4 uses both of these adaptor molecules, thus activation via TLR4 proved to be a synergistic event on its own. TLR synergy did not affect all aspects of DC activation but enhanced primarily the release of certain cytokines, particularly IL-12, whereas the …
Dendritic cells in liver injury and fibrosis: shortcomings and promises.
2013
SummaryThe phenotype and function of liver dendritic cells (LDCs) are poorly understood. This Snapshot summarizes our current knowledge on LDCs in the healthy and injured liver, and their role in fibrosis progression and reversal. It also draws attention to various pitfalls in the current experimental design and conclusions based on available data.
Noncovalent Targeting of Nanocarriers to Immune Cells with Polyphosphoester‐Based Surfactants in Human Blood Plasma
2019
Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are part of the immune system and can internalize pathogens by carbohydrate receptors. The uptake induces maturation and migration of the DCs resulting in an adaptive immune response by presenting antigens to T‐cells. Thus, targeted delivery to DCs is a powerful tool for immunotherapy. However, in blood, specific targeting is challenging as blood proteins adsorb to the nanocarriers and mask the targeting molecules. Additionally, covalent coupling of targeting groups to nanocarriers requires new chemistry for each nanocarrier, while a general strategy is missing. A general protocol by noncovalent adsorption of mannosylated polyphosphoesters (PPEs) on the nanoca…
Coincident airway exposure to low-potency allergen and cytomegalovirus sensitizes for allergic airway disease by viral activation of migratory dendri…
2019
Despite a broad cell-type tropism, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an evidentially pulmonary pathogen. Predilection for the lungs is of medical relevance in immunocompromised recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation, in whom interstitial CMV pneumonia is a frequent and, if left untreated, fatal clinical manifestation of human CMV infection. A conceivable contribution of CMV to airway diseases of other etiology is an issue that so far attracted little medical attention. As the route of primary CMV infection upon host-to-host transmission in early childhood involves airway mucosa, coincidence of CMV airway infection and exposure to airborne environmental antigens is almost unavoidable. For i…
SPARC regulation of PMN clearance protects from pristane induced lupus and rheumatoid arthritis
2020
AbstractOne step along the pathogenesis of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) death and their ineffective removal by M2-macrophages. The secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein with unexpected immunosuppressive function in M2-macrophages and myeloid cells. To investigate the role of SPARC in autoimmunity, we adopted a pristane–induced model of lupus in mice, which recapitulates clinical manifestations of human SLE. Sparc-/- mice developed earlier and more severe renal disease, lung and liver parenchymal damage than the WT counterpart. Most prominently, Sparc-/- mice had anticipated and severe occurr…
Intrathymic tolerance induction: determination of tolerance to class II major histocompatibility complex antigens in maturing T lymphocytes by a bone…
1987
Two new experimental approaches were established to analyse the influence of the thymus on tolerance induction to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens: The aim of the first experiment was to perform successful transplantation of adult allogeneic thymus tissue into nude mice, an attempt that has been unsuccessful in the past. Tolerance for the MHC genotype of a prospective thymus graft recipient (A) was induced in mice of strain B by injection of (A X B) splenocytes during the neonatal period. Adult thymic tissue obtained from these allogeneic donors (B) were grafted into the nude mice of strain A. The allogeneic thymus was accepted by the nude mice and immunoreconstitution was ac…
Biodegradable Protein Nanocontainers
2015
The application of synthetic polymers for drug delivery often requires tremendous efforts to ensure biocompatibility and -degradation. To use the body's own substances can help to overcome these problems. Herein, we present the first synthesis of nanocontainers entirely composed of albumin proteins. These protein nanocontainers (PNCs) were loaded with hydrophilic compounds and release of the payload is triggered through natural lysis in vitro in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). No aggregation of PNCs in human blood plasma was observed, indicating stability for blood circulation. As the PNCs were readily taken up by moDCs, they are considered as a promising delivery platform f…
Coupling of Contact Sensitizers to Thiol Groups is a Key Event for the Activation of Monocytes and Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
2003
Strong contact sensitizers are able to induce distinct signal transduction mechanisms in antigen-presenting cells by coupling to cell proteins. The predominant target structures of haptens are thought to be thiol and amino groups in cysteine and lysine residues. We studied whether coupling of small reactive chemicals to thiol or amino groups might be responsible for the activation of monocytes and mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with subtoxic concentrations of the strong haptens 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazolinone plus 2-methylisothiazolinone and 2, 4, 6-trinitrochlorobenzene, the thiol-reactive reagents N-hydroxymaleim…
Protective dendritic cell responses against listeriosis induced by the short form of the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD are inhibited by full-length CY…
2015
The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD is an important tumor suppressor and inhibitor of immune responses. In contrast to full-length CYLD, the immunological function of the naturally occurring short splice variant of CYLD (sCYLD) is insufficiently described. Previously, we showed that DCs, which lack full-length CYLD but express sCYLD, exhibit augmented NF-κB and DC activation. To explore the function of sCYLD in infection, we investigated whether DC-specific sCYLD regulates the pathogenesis of listeriosis. Upon Listeria monocytogenes infection of CD11c-Cre Cyld(ex7/8 fl/fl) mice, infection of CD8α(+) DCs, which are crucial for the establishment of listeriosis in the spleen, was not affected. Ho…
Processing and Presentation of Protein and Parasite-Derived Antigens by 4F7+ Dendritic Cells
1995
The dendritic cell (DC), a trace component of splenocytes is the principal cell type required for a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction.1 Splenic DC are described as antigen presenting cells (APC) capable to generate immunogenic fragments of intact protein antigens for presentation to MHC class II restricted T cells,2 in contrast to former findings.3 Langerhans cells (LC) as potent APC are members of the dendritic cell lineage forming a system of potent APC, first identified by Steinman and Conn.4 Importanly Schuler and Steinman have subsequently presented experimental evidence suggesting that LC represent immature DC.3 During infectious diseases caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania LC…