Search results for "Developing Countrie"

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

2019

Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associ…

Body Mass Index and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults from Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

2022

Background: The effect of weight modification on future dementia risk is currently a subject of debate and may be modified by age. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) status with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (a preclinical stage of dementia) in middle-aged and older adults residing in six low- and middle-income countries using nationally representative data. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were analyzed. MCI was defined using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria. BMI (kg/m2) was based on measured weight and height and categorized as: under…

MRSA infection in the neonatal intensive care unit

2013

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is well known as one of the most frequent etiological agents of healthcare-associated infections. The epidemiology of MRSA is evolving with emergence of community-associated MRSA, the clonal spread of some successful clones, their spillover into healthcare settings and acquisition of antibacterial drug resistances. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients are at an especially high risk of acquiring colonization and infection by MRSA. Epidemiology of MRSA in NICU can be very complex because outbreaks can overlap endemic circulation and make it difficult to trace transmission routes. Moreover, increasing prevalence of community-associated…

Sekcijas "Globalizācijas ietekme uz valsts ekonomiku un biznesu" Ekonomikas un vadības fakultātē (28. janvāris, 2016): Referātu tēzes

2016

Short term associations of ambient nitrogen dioxide with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality: multilocation analysis in 398 cities

2021

Objective To evaluate the short term associations between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries/regions worldwide, using a uniform analytical protocol. Design Two stage, time series approach, with overdispersed generalised linear models and multilevel meta-analysis. Setting 398 cities in 22 low to high income countries/regions. Main outcome measures Daily deaths from total (62.8 million), cardiovascular (19.7 million), and respiratory (5.5 million) causes between 1973 and 2018. Results On average, a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 concentration on lag 1 day (previous day) was associated with 0.46% (95% confidence interval 0.36% to 0.5…

Intelligence artificielle et problèmes de gouvernance dans les pays en développement

2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a strategic pillar for the future of humanity. In this perspective, this article examines the advantages and potentials of its use in developing countries, particularly in the governance of those members of UEMOA. Thus, it should be emphasized that AI could significantly improve the governance of WAEMU countries by limiting intermediation in collection or payment systems and thus contribute to better transparency of the systems. It also makes up for the lack of qualified personnel, especially doctors in the most remote areas, it also strengthens security through its ability to enforce the law in the establishment of means of identification and control, in par…

Santé et développement durable : proposition d'une grille de lecture de la contribution des politiques de santé au développement durable

2002

Development economics and health economics evolved according to dynamics which their are appropriate.The issues concerning the role of health in developing countries, if they had formerly no echo which theytake on today, nevertheless concerned a rather big number of specialists. The approaches in terms of humancapital, endogenous growth... tend today to recognise health and education as pillars of human development.But the objective of development, qualified since the Bruntland's report, of "sustainable", does it give way tothe development of health systems? The aim of this paper is double: on one hand, it consists in tempting aclarification of the concept of sustainable development general…

Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

2021

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results …

Comment concilier efficacité et équité dans les systèmes éducatifs des pays en développement?

2005

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Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2018

2021

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health …