Search results for "Device"
showing 10 items of 1286 documents
Current status in buccal drug delivery
2008
This article overviews the progress made in buccal drug delivery research during the last five years and reports a new high-tech approach to achieve controlled delivery.
Potential transbuccal delivery of l-DOPA methylester prodrug: stability in the environment of the oral cavity and ability to cross the mucosal tissue
2016
Levodopa (l-DOPA) is the most effective pharmacologic agent in Parkinson's disease and remains the "gold standard". Nevertheless, in long-term treatments, dyskinesias and motor complications can emerge. In this work, the combined use of l-DOPA methylester hydrochloride prodrug (LDME) with transbuccal drug delivery was supposed as a good alternative method to optimize the bioavailability of l-DOPA, to maintain constant plasma levels and to decrease the drug unwanted effects. The effects of environmental pH on buccal delivery of LDME were evaluated ex vivo. The increase of pH value from 5.8 to 6.2 implies an improvement of drug permeation. Since the pH increase causes the raising of hydrolyti…
Asthma Control: The Right Inhaler for the Right Patient
2015
Inhaled therapy is the cornerstone of asthma management in that it optimizes the delivery of the medication to the site of action. The effectiveness of inhaled therapy is affected by the correct choice of the device and proper inhalation technique. In fact, this influences the drug delivery and distribution along the bronchial tree, including the most peripheral airways. In this context, accumulating evidence supports the contribution of small airways in asthma, and these have become an important target of treatment. In reality, the “ideal inhaler” does not exist, and not all inhalers are the same. Advances in technology has highlighted these differences, and have led to the design of new d…
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Drugs Used in the Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders: Literature Review Using a Therapeutic Drug Monitoring App…
2011
Background The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of substance-related disorders is moderate at best. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be an instrument to improve outcomes. Because TDM for most of those drugs is not established, the authors reviewed the literature and built a rating scale to detect the potential added value of TDM for these pharmacologic agents. Methods A literature search was performed for acamprosate, bupropion, buprenorphine, clomethiazole, disulfiram, methadone, naltrexone, and varenicline. The rating scale included 22 items and was divided in five categories: efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, patient characteristics, and cost-effectiveness. Three reference …
Multi frequency phase fluorimetry (MFPF) for oxygen partial pressure measurement: ex vivo validation by polarographic clark-type electrode.
2013
BACKGROUND: Measurement of partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) at high temporal resolution remains a technological challenge. This study introduces a novel PO2 sensing technology based on Multi-Frequency Phase Fluorimetry (MFPF). The aim was to validate MFPF against polarographic Clark-type electrode (CTE) PO2 measurements. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: MFPF technology was first investigated in N = 8 anaesthetised pigs at FIO2 of 0.21, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. At each FIO2 level, blood samples were withdrawn and PO2 was measured in vitro with MFPF using two FOXY-AL300 probes immediately followed by CTE measurement. Secondly, MFPF-PO2 readings were compared to CTE in an artificial circulatory s…
Intracellular retention of ABL kinase inhibitors determines commitment to apoptosis in CML cells
2012
PLoS one 7(7), e40853 (2012). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040853
Validity and reliability of the DiCI for the measurement of shoulder flexion and abduction strength in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects
2021
Background A higher risk of shoulder injury in the athletic and non-athletic population is frequently associated with strength deficits. Therefore, shoulder strength assessment can be clinically useful to identify and to quantify the magnitude of strength deficit. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a DiCI (a new hand-held dynamometer) for the measurement of shoulder flexion and abduction strength in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. Methods Forty-three recreational athletes (29 males and 14 females; age: 22.1 ± 0.47 years; body mass: 68.7 ± 13.1 kg; height = 173.3 ± 9.7 cm) and 40 symptomatic subjects (28 males and 12 females; age: 49.9 ± 8.1 y…
Optimal pareto solutions of a dynamic C chart: An application of statistical process control on a semiconductor devices manufacturing process
2015
The present paper proposes a novel economic-statistical design procedure of a dynamic c control chart for the Statistical Process Control (SPC) of the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices. Particularly, a non-linear constrained mathematical programming model is formulated and solved by means of the ε-constraint method. A numerical application is developed in order to describe the Pareto frontier, that is the set of optimal c charts and the related practical considerations are given. The obtained results highlight how the performance of the developed dynamic c chart overcome that of the related static one, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
Monte Carlo simulation of high‐order harmonics generation in bulk semiconductors and submicron structures
2004
To qualify the feasibility of standard semiconductor materials and Schottky‐barrier diodes (SBDs) for THz high‐order harmonic generation and extraction, the harmonic intensity, intrinsic noise and signal‐to‐noise ratio are calculated by the Monte Carlo method when a periodic high‐frequency large‐amplitude external signal is applied to a semiconductor device. Due to very high signal‐to‐noise ratio heavily doped GaAs SBDs are found to exhibit conditions for frequency mixing and harmonic extraction that are definitively superior to those of bulk materials. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)