Search results for "ELECTRONICS"

showing 10 items of 4340 documents

The bistable potential: An archetype for classical and quantum systems

2012

In this work we analyze the transient dynamics of three different classical and quantum systems. First, we consider a classical Brownian particle moving in an asymmetric bistable potential, subject to a multiplicative and additive noise source. We investigate the role of these two noise sources on the life time of the metastable state. A nonmonotonic behavior of the lifetime as a function of both additive and multiplicative noise intensities is found, revealing the phenomenon of noise enhanced stability. Afterward, by using a LotkaVolterra model, the dynamics of two competing species in the presence of Lévy noise sources is analyzed. Quasiperiodic oscillations and stochastic resonance pheno…

Physicsmultiplicative noiseSettore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica Modelli E Metodi MatematiciBistabilityThermal reservoirMetastability and bistabilityStochastic resonanceTime evolutionStatistical and Nonlinear Physicsopen quantum systemsCondensed Matter PhysicsNoise (electronics)Multiplicative noisepopulation dynamicnoise enhanced stabilityQuantum mechanicsQuasiperiodic functionStatistical physicsstochastic resonanceQuantumMetastability and bistability; multiplicative noise; noise enhanced stability; stochastic resonance; population dynamics; open quantum systems
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Intensity noise-driven nonlinear fiber polarization scrambler

2014

We propose and analyze a novel all-optical fiber polarization scrambler based on the transfer (via the Kerr effect) of the intensity fluctuations of an incoherent pump beam into polarization fluctuations of a frequency-shifted signal beam, copropagating in a randomly birefringent telecom fiber. Optimal signal polarization scrambling results whenever the input signal and pump beams have nearly orthogonal states of polarization. The nonlinear polarization scrambler may operate on either cw or high-bit-rate pulsed signals.

Physicsoptical Kerr effectBirefringenceKerr effectPolarization rotatoroptical fibersbusiness.industryDigital image storage; optical fibers; optical Kerr effectPhysics::OpticsPolarization-maintaining optical fiber02 engineering and technologyPolarization (waves)01 natural sciencesAtomic and Molecular Physics and Optics010309 optics020210 optoelectronics & photonicsOpticsSignal beamPolarization scrambling0103 physical sciences0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringRadial polarizationOptoelectronicsDigital image storagebusiness
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Electrical Characterization of CdTe pixel detectors with Al Schottky anode

2014

Abstract Pixelated Schottky Al/p-CdTe/Pt detectors are very attractive devices for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopic imaging, even though they suffer from bias-induced time instability (polarization). In this work, we present the results of the electrical characterization of a (4×4) pixelated Schottky Al/p-CdTe/Pt detector. Current–voltage ( I–V ) characteristics and current transients were investigated at different temperatures. The results show deep levels that play a dominant role in the charge transport mechanism. The conduction mechanism is dominated by the space charge limited current (SCLC) both under forward bias and at high reverse bias. Schottky barrier height of the Al/CdTe con…

PhysicspolarizationNuclear and High Energy PhysicsSchottky contactbusiness.industrySchottky barrierSettore FIS/01 - Fisica SperimentaleSchottky diodeCdTeThermal conductionSpace chargeCadmium telluride photovoltaicsSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)Settore FIS/03 - Fisica Della MateriaAnodeX-ray and gamma ray spectroscopypixel detectorOptoelectronicsPolarization (electrochemistry)businessCdTe; Schottky contacts; polarization; pixel detectors; X-ray and gamma ray spectroscopyInstrumentationVoltage
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Investigation on pixellated CZT detectors coupled with a low power readout ASIC

2008

In this work, we investigated on the spectroscopic performances of two pixellated CZT detectors coupled with a custom low noise and low power readout ASIC. The detectors (10 x 10 x 1 mm3 and 10 x 10 x 2 mm3 single crystals) consist of an array of 256 pixels with a geometric pitch of 0.5 mm. The ASIC, fabricated in 0.8 μm BiCMOS technology, is equipped with eight independent channels (preamplifier and shaper) characterized by a dynamic range from 10 keV to 100 keV, low power consumption (0.5 mW/channel) and low noise (150–500 electrons r.m.s.). The spectroscopic results point out the good energy resolution of both detectors at room temperature (5.8 % FWHM at 59.5 keV for the 1 mm thick detec…

PhysicssezelePhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsDynamic rangebusiness.industryPreamplifierDetectorX-ray detectorTemperature measurementCathodelaw.inventionFull width at half maximumlawOptoelectronicsCharge carrierbusinessCZT detectors
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Heavy Ion Sensitivity of 16/32-Gbit NAND-Flash and 4-Gbit DDR3 SDRAM

2012

16/32-Gbit NAND-Flash and 4-Gbit DDR3 SDRAM memories have been tested under heavy ion irradiation. At high LET, 25nm NAND-Flash show MBUs at normal incidence. Techniques for SEFI mitigation in DDR3 SDRAM are studied.

Physicsta114business.industryNAND gateDDR3 SDRAMHeavy ion irradiationFlash (photography)MBusGigabitElectronic engineeringOptoelectronicsHeavy ionbusinessSensitivity (electronics)
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Real-Time SRAM Based Particle Detector

2015

International audience; Monitoring radiative environments is of great importance, especially for facilities hosting large particle accelerators and nuclear power plants. Such facilities make use of monitoring systems that are usually composed of different sensors to evaluate the intensity of the ambient radiation field in different locations. In this paper, we propose an SRAM-based monitor that works in dynamic mode (memory continuously accessed), according to data gathered by irradiating our sensor in several particle accelerator facilities. The dynamic mode of operation allows for real-time sensing, especially when the particle fluence is high. In order to ensure the efficiency of the det…

Physicsta114ta213DetectorParticle acceleratorSRAM7. Clean energyParticle detectorParticle acceleratorslaw.invention[SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/ElectronicslawElectronic engineeringRadiative transferRadiation monitoringParticleStatic random-access memoryParticle detectorIntensity (heat transfer)
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SEU and MBU Angular Dependence of Samsung and Micron 8-Gbit SLC NAND-Flash Memories under Heavy-Ion Irradiation

2011

The angular dependence of the SEU and MBU cross sections of two 8-Gbit NAND-Flash memories, Samsung and Micron, is measured under Ar, Fe, and Kr irradiation. The omnidirectional sensitivity is calculated based on experimental results.

Physicsta114ta213business.industryElectrical engineeringNAND gateOptoelectronicsAngular dependenceIrradiationbusinessHeavy ion irradiationIon2011 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop
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Verhulst model with Lévy white noise excitation

2008

The transient dynamics of the Verhulst model perturbed by arbitrary non-Gaussian white noise is investigated. Based on the infinitely divisible distribution of the Levy process we study the nonlinear relaxation of the population density for three cases of white non-Gaussian noise: (i) shot noise, (ii) noise with a probability density of increments expressed in terms of Gamma function, and (iii) Cauchy stable noise. We obtain exact results for the probability distribution of the population density in all cases, and for Cauchy stable noise the exact expression of the nonlinear relaxation time is derived. Moreover starting from an initial delta function distribution, we find a transition induc…

Physicswhite noise excitationStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)Shot noiseFOS: Physical sciencesCauchy distributionDirac delta functionProbability density functionWhite noiseCondensed Matter PhysicsNoise (electronics)Lévy processElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialssymbols.namesakesymbolsProbability distributionStatistical physicsCondensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
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Highly transparent and birefringent chromophores for organic photorefractive materials

1999

Abstract A series of chromophores for application in organic photorefractive (PR) materials is investigated by electro-optical absorption measurements (EOAM). This experimental technique yields information on the transition dipole moment μ ag , the ground-state dipole moment μ g , and the change of the dipole moment upon optical excitation Δ μ within the intense charge transfer (CT) band of the dyes. It is shown that the results of the EOAM experiment allow us to estimate the PR figures-of-merits (FOMs) of the chromophores by either perturbational two-level equations or Kramers–Kronig transformation. In particular, chromophores based on the heterocyclic dihydropyran and dihydropyridine grou…

Physics::Biological PhysicsBirefringencebusiness.industryChemistryTransition dipole momentGeneral Physics and AstronomyPhotorefractive effectChromophoreAcceptorMolecular physicsOrganic photorefractive materialsDipolePolarizabilityOptoelectronicsPhysics::Chemical PhysicsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrybusinessChemical Physics
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Background Simulations of the Wide Field Imager of the ATHENA X-Ray Observatory

2011

The ATHENA X-ray Observatory-IXO is a planned multinational orbiting X-ray observatory with a focal length of 11.5m. ATHENA aims to perform pointed observations in an energy range from 0.1 keV to 15 keV with high sensitivity. For high spatial and timing resolution imaging and spectroscopic observations the 640x640 pixel^2 large DePFET-technology based Wide field Imager (WFI) focal plane detector, providing a field of view of 18 arcsec will be the main detector. Based on the actual mechanics, thermal and shielding design we present estimates for the WFI cosmic ray induced background obtained by the use of Monte-Carlo simulations and possible background reduction measures.

Physics::Instrumentation and DetectorsAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaCosmic background radiationSpace ShuttleFOS: Physical sciencesField of viewCosmic rayAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysicslaw.inventionTelescopeOpticsObservatorylawNuclear electronicsAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsFocal lengthImage resolutionInstrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)PhysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)business.industryDetectorAstrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsCardinal pointElectromagnetic shieldingAstrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenabusiness
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