Search results for "Eating"
showing 10 items of 1247 documents
When Competition Is Pushed Too Hard. An Agent-Based Model Of Strategic Behaviour Of Referees In Peer Review
2013
This paper examines the impact of strategic behaviour of referees on the quality and efficiency of peer review. We modelled peer review as a process based on knowledge asymmetry and subject to evaluation bias. We built two simulation scenarios to investigate largescale implications of referee behaviour and judgment bias. The first one was inspired by “the luck of the reviewer draw” idea. In this case, we assumed that referees randomly fell into Type I and Type II errors, i.e., recommending submissions of low quality to be published or recommending against the publishing of submissions which should have been published. In the second scenario, we assumed that certain referees tried intentiona…
Role of Cachexia and Fragility in the Patient Candidate for Cardiac Surgery
2021
Frailty is the major expression of accelerated aging and describes a decreased resistance to stressors, and consequently an increased vulnerability to additional diseases in elderly people. The vascular aging related to frail phenotype reflects the high susceptibility for cardiovascular diseases and negative postoperative outcomes after cardiac surgery. Sarcopenia can be considered a biological substrate of physical frailty. Malnutrition and physical inactivity play a key role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. We searched on Medline (PubMed) and Scopus for relevant literature published over the last 10 years and analyzed the strong correlation between frailty, sarcopenia and cardiovascular…
Influence of greenhouse volume/area ratio on soil solarization efficiency
2008
Soil temperature under plastic cover is function of incoming radiation and thermal characteristics of the mulching material and the soil, but it could be also affected by greenhouse characteristics (structure, cover, Volume/Area ratio). The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of different greenhouse unitary volumes and different plastic mulching on soil temperature and soil solarization efficiency. The experiment was carried out in nonheated greenhouses covered with low density transparent polyethilene (PE), located at the experimental field of AAT Department of Palermo University, Italy (138° 7' N, 13° 22' E). Four Volume/Area (V/A) ratios were tested: 1.5 - 2.0 - 2.5 - 3.0. I…
Evaluación de un programa psicoterapéutico para cuidadores de pacientes con TCA: Estudio piloto
2013
El estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el nivel de discapacidad funcional, dolor y agotamiento, el autoconcepto-autoestima, y grandes dimensiones de personalidad, en personas con y sin fibromialgia (FM). El estudio se realizó con 190 participantes, 140 afectados de FM y 50 no afectados, entre 28 y 75 años (M= 52,16; DT= 9,18), 10 varones y 180 mujeres. Se utilizaron 4 instrumentos de evaluación para medir las variables objeto de estudio: impacto de la fibromialgia, autoconcepto, autoestima y personalidad. Los resultados evidenciaron que las personas con FM, comparadas con las que no están afectadas por esta enfermedad, tienen significativamente un nivel superior de discapacidad funcional, d…
Ohmic treatment of fresh foods: Effect on textural properties
2013
The aim of this work was to verify the effects of ohmic heating (OH) treatment on texture of fresh solid food (without pre-treatment in brine solutions), subjected to constant electrical field gradient (1100 V/m; 2200 V/m; 3300 V/m). Samples of fresh potatoes, carrots and apples cut into cylinders (d = 30 mm, h = 9.0 mm) underwent OH for 60, 120, 180 and 240 seconds. Texture measurements were performed in a universal testing machine Instron 4301, with a 100 N load cell, using a single-cycle compression test. The raw untreated sample was used as control. Stress–deformation behavior of food samples processed by OH differs appreciably from raw untreated samples for all cooking times. Firmness …
Mechanism of oxidative allyl transfer from allylic ammonium cations to palladium(0) α-diimine complexes
1996
Abstract The palladium(0) complex [Pd(η2-fn)(NN′)] (1, fn = fumaronitrile; NN′ = C5H4N-2-CH=NC6H4OME-4) reacts slowly and reversibly with A + CH 2 CH=CH 2 (2a, A = NEt 3 ; 2 b , A = C 5 H 5 N ) to yield the cationic η3-allypalladium(II) derivative [ Pd (η[ 3 - C 3 H 5 )( N N ′)] + (3) the free amine A and fn. The equilibrium constant Ke is (2.6 ± 0.1) × 10−3 for 2a and 1.0 ± 0.4 for 2b. Kinetic studies of these oxidative allyl-transfer reactions show that the rates increase with increasing concentration of 2 and with decreasing concentration of fn. A stepwise mechanism is proposed which involves slow and reversible displacement of fn by 2 to give a labile intermediate [ Pd (η 2 - CH…
Efficient Addition of Acid Enediolates to Epoxides
2004
We report new conditions to facilitate the addition of dianions of carboxylic acids to epoxides as an alternative method to the use of aluminum enolates. These conditions require the use of a sub-stoichiometric (10%) amount of amine for dianion generation and the previous activation of the epoxide with LiCl. Other Lewis acids have been shown to be less effective. Yields are good but only low diastereoselectivity is attained, which has not been controlled despite attempts at optimization. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Pentafulvene durch Aminomethinylierung des Cyclopentadiens
1986
Aus der Dreikomponentenreaktion von Cyclopentadien (1) mit s-Triazin (2) und einem sekundaren Amin 4 gehen die cyclisch N,N-disubstituierten Pentafulven-6-amine 5 und die cyclisch N1,N1-disubstituierten N2-(6-Pentafulvenyl)formamidine 7 hervor. Unter den biologischen Eigenschaften der neuen Verbindungen ist besonders die anthelminthische Wirkung von 5d interessant. Pentafulvenes by Aminomethynylation of Cyclopentadiene The three component reaction comprising the interaction of cyclopentadiene (1) with s-triazine (2) and a secondary amine 4 leads to the cyclic N,N-disubstituted pentafulven-6-amines 5 and the cyclic N1,N1-disubstituted N2-(6-pentafulvenyl)formamidines 7. Among the biological …
Imidazolsynthesen, 8. Mitt.: N-Substituierte Imidazole nach Weidenhagen
1976
Die Weidenhagen-Synthese N-unsubstituierter Imidazole aus α-substituierten Carbonylverbindungen 1, Aldehyden 3, wasrigem Ammoniak (4) und Kupfer(II)-salzen als Oxidationsmittel ist in Gegenwart primarer Amine 5 auch zur Darstellung N-substituierter Imidazole 6 geeignet. Weidenhagen Synthesis of N-Substituted Imidazoles The Weidenhagen synthesis of N-unsubstituted imidazoles from α-substituted carbonyl compounds 1, aldehydes 3, and aqueous ammonia (4) with copper (II) salts as oxidizing agents is also usable for the synthesis of N-substituted imidazoles 6 through the addition of primary amines 5.
Secondary brown carbon formation via the dicarbonyl imine pathway: nitrogen heterocycle formation and synergistic effects.
2016
Dicarbonyls are known to be important precursors of so-called atmospheric brown carbon, significantly affecting aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing. In this systematic study we report the formation of light-absorbing nitrogen containing compounds from simple 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,5-dicarbonyl + amine reactions. A combination of spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric techniques was used to characterize reaction products in solutions mimicking atmospheric particulates. Experiments with individual dicarbonyls and dicarbonyl mixtures in ammonium sulfate and glycine solutions demonstrate that nitrogen heterocycles are common structural motifs of brown carbon chromophores formed…