Search results for "Elimination"
showing 10 items of 123 documents
Mathematical formulation of pulse amplitude modulation selective harmonic elimination in multilevel three phase inverters
2022
In this paper multilevel cascaded H-bridges (CHB) three phase inverters with 2n dc sources, n=1,2,3,... are considered and a mathematical formulation providing both 2n switching angles and dc voltage source to eliminate n+1 harmonics and their respective multiple from their output voltage waveform, is proposed. The computed angles don't depend on modulation index and the source voltages linearly vary with it. The proposed procedure finds the solution through an analytical formula that avoids to solve transcendental systems and presents very low computational cost. A lot of low order harmonics are eliminated, returning a very low total harmonic distortion (THD). Particularly for 9-level conf…
Mixed Harmonic Elimination Control for a Single-Phase 9 Level Grid-Connected Inverter
2018
The power quality requirements are increasingly stringent, due to the continuous growth of devices connected to the grid that introduce harmonics. These devices include DC to AC energy conversion systems, i.e. grid connected inverters. The design, control and operation of these systems must take into account the rules of interconnection to the electricity grid. To improve the quality of the output waveform of the grid-connected inverter, Multilevel Converters (MC) with selective harmonic elimination modulation technique can be used. This paper presents a single-phase nine level grid-connected inverter with DC/DC input stages. The obtained switching angles for THD minimization are independen…
Dipeptides of S-Substituted Dehydrocysteine as Artzyme Building Blocks: Synthesis, Complexing Abilities and Antiproliferative Properties †
2021
Background: Dehydropeptides are analogs of peptides containing at least one conjugate double bond between α,β-carbon atoms. Its presence provides unique structural properties and reaction centre for chemical modification. In this study, the series of new class of dipeptides containing S-substituted dehydrocysteine with variety of heterocyclic moieties was prepared. The compounds were designed as the building blocks for the construction of artificial metalloenzymes (artzymes). Therefore, the complexing properties of representative compounds were also evaluated. Furthermore, the acknowledged biological activity of natural dehydropeptides was the reason to extend the study for antiproliferativ…
Reactions of m-Terphenyl-Stabilized Germylene and Stannylene with Water and Methanol: Oxidative Addition versus Arene Elimination and Different React…
2015
Reactions of the divalent germylene Ge(ArMe6)2 (ArMe6 = C6H3-2,6-{C6H2-2,4,6-(CH3)3}2) with water or methanol gave the Ge(IV) insertion product (ArMe6)2Ge(H)OH (1) or (ArMe6)2Ge(H)OMe (2), respectively. In contrast, its stannylene congener Sn(ArMe6)2 reacted with water or methanol to produce the Sn(II) species {ArMe6Sn(μ-OH)}2 (3) or {ArMe6Sn(μ-OMe)}2 (4), respectively, with elimination of ArMe6H. Compounds 1–4 were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as by X-ray crystallography. Density functional theory calculations yielded mechanistic insight into the formation of (ArMe6)2Ge(H)OH and {ArMe6Sn(μ-OH)}2. The insertion of an m-terphenyl-stabilized germylene into the O–H bond was…
Unveiling the high reactivity of benzyne in the formal [3+2] cycloaddition reactions towards thioamides through the Molecular Electron Density Theory
2020
Abstract The domino reaction of benzyne with thioamide has been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d) level. This domino reaction takes place through i) a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction affording an ammonium ylide, and ii) an extrusion of ethylene from this species yielding a dihydrothiazole. Topological analysis of the electron density of benzyne shows its pseudodiradical structure, that is, without any energy cost, changes to a carbenoid one, allowing its participation as electrophile in polar reactions. As a consequence, the formal 32CA reaction does not have an activation enthalpy. Analysis of the changes of electron density al…
Stereo and regioselectivity in the phenylation of cationic allylpalladium(II) α-diimine complexes by tetraphenylborate anion
1993
The reaction of the cationic complex [Pd(4-methoxy-1,3-η3-cyclohexenyl)(py-2-CHNC6H4OMe-4)]+ (1) with BPh4− in the presence of fumaronitrile yields trans-3-methoxy-6-phenylcyclohexene (2a) and trans-4-methoxy-3-phenylcyclohexene (2b), in ca. 1 : 1 molar ratio. The trans stereochemistry of these products implies that the phenylation of the allyl ligand involves prior transfer of a phenyl group from BPh4− to the metal, followed by reductive coupling of the organic moieties. In the reactions of [Pd(η3-1,1-R1,R2-C3H3)(NN′)]+ (3) [NN′ 4-MeOH4C6NCHCHNC6H4OMe-4; py-2-CHNR (R C6H4OMe-4, Me, or CMe3), 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy); R1 H, R2 Ph, Me; R1 R2 Me; with BPh4− in the presence of …
Protein Flexibility and Preorganization in the Design of Enzymes. The Kemp Elimination Catalyzed by HG3.17
2015
A recently designed enzyme, HG3.17, obtained by directed evolution, has shown a catalytic activity close to natural enzymes. Hybrid QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations for the Kemp elimination in this new enzyme have provided a deep insight into the origin of its catalytic efficiency. In this case, we have first demonstrated the presence of different conformations with significantly different reactivity. The larger reactivity is related with a better electrostatic preorganization of the environment that creates a more favorable electrostatic potential for the reaction to proceed. In HG3.17, efforts to improve the catalytic properties must be focused in possible mutations increasing the pre…
Lithium enediolates and dienediolates of carboxylic acids in synthesis: Alkylation with secondary halides
1998
Abstract High yields in the alkylation of dianions of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with secondary halides can be obtained despite elimination reactions occurring. α-Regioselectivity for the alkylation of but-2-enoic acids ( 1–4 ) is seldom obtained. Although double bond stereoselectivity is higher than 99% for γ-alkylated products, stereoselectivity is rather poor for most of the α-alkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Enediolates and Dienediolates of Carboxylic Acids in Synthesis: Alkylation with Secondary Halides.
2010
Abstract High yields in the alkylation of dianions of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with secondary halides can be obtained despite elimination reactions occurring. α-Regioselectivity for the alkylation of but-2-enoic acids ( 1–4 ) is seldom obtained. Although double bond stereoselectivity is higher than 99% for γ-alkylated products, stereoselectivity is rather poor for most of the α-alkylated products.
Reactions of Pyrano[3,4-b]indol-3-ones with Dienophiles: Consecutive [4 + 2] Cycloaddition/Cycloreversion/1,2 Elimination
1989
Methylpyrano[3,4-b]indol-3-ones 1 react with selected dienophiles (as acetylene equivalents) in a consecutive Diels-Alder/cycloreversion/1,2 elimination reaction sequence to furnish the 1-methyl- and 1,4-dimethylcarbazoles 4.