Search results for "Fatty acids."
showing 10 items of 706 documents
Stable isotope and fatty acid analysis reveal the ability of sea cucumbers to use fish farm waste in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
2022
Stable isotope ratios, carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), and fatty acids validated the trophic connection between farmed fish in a commercial nearshore fish farm and sea cucumbers in the Mediterranean Sea. This dual tracer approach evaluated organic matter transfer in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and the ability of sea cucumbers to incorporate fish farm waste (fish faeces and uneaten artificial fish feed) into their tissue. Between October 2018 and September 2019, Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli Delle Chiaje, 1824, co-cultured at IMTA sites directly below one of the commercial fish cage , at 10 m and 25 m from the selected fish cage, and at two reference sites over 800 m from …
Producing high-strength liquor from mesophilic batch acidification of chicken manure.
2015
This report describes the results from anaerobic batch acidification of chicken manure as a mono-substrate studied under mesophilic conditions. The manure was diluted with tap water to prevent methane formation during acidification and to improve mixing conditions by reducing fluid viscosity; no anaerobic digester sludge has been added as an inoculum. Highest acidification rates were measured at concentrations of 10 gVS L−1 and 20 gVS L−1; the pH value remained high (pH 6.9–7.9) throughout the test duration and unexpected fast methane formation was observed in every single batch. At substrate concentrations of 10 gVS L−1 there was a remarkable methane formation representing a value of 82% …
OVERVIEW OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR FATTY AND RESIN ACIDS IN THE PAPERMAKING PROCESS
2012
This review describes the role of wood extractives, especially fatty and resin acids, in papermaking, as well as the importance of their removal from process waters. One of the main aims is also to illustrate versatile analysis methods for this purpose and highlight recent developments in corresponding applications. Most of the current methods require time-consuming and laborious sample pretreatment procedures prior to gas chromatography coupled either with flame ionization or mass selective detection. However, some faster, even online techniques with minimum sample pretreatment, are also available, mainly including high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The …
Co-digestion of sewage sludge and sterilized solid slaughterhouse waste: Methane production efficiency and process limitations
2012
The rendering product of Category 2 and 3 Animal By-Products is known as sterilized mass (SM) and it is mainly composed of fat and proteins, making it interesting substrate for anaerobic digestion. Batch and semi-continuous laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of SM addition in co-digestion with sewage sludge on methane production and possible process limitations. Results showed that SM addition in the feed mixture up to 5% (w/w), corresponding to 68.1% of the organic loading, increased methane production 5.7 times, without any indication of process inhibition. Further increase of SM addition at 7.5% (w/w) caused methane production decrease and volatile solids r…
Maternal seafood consumption during pregnancy and child attention outcomes: a cohort study with gene effect modification by PUFA-related genes
2019
Abstract Background There is a need to test the fetal programming theoretical framework in nutritional epidemiology. We evaluated whether maternal seafood intake during pregnancy was associated with 8-year-old attention outcomes after adjusting for previous child seafood intake and cognitive function. We also explored effect modification by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism. Methods Our final analyses included 1644 mother-child pairs from the prospective INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) cohort study (Spain, recruitment between 2003 and 2008). We used food frequency questionnaires to assess prenatal and postnatal seafood …
Microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolases, the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system and catalase. Activities, distribution and induction in…
1988
A number of structurally unrelated hypolipidaemic agents and certain phthalate-ester plasticizers induce hepatomegaly and proliferation of peroxisomes in rodent liver, but there is relatively limited data regarding the specific effects of these drugs on liver non-parenchymal cells. In the present study, liver parenchymal, Kupffer and endothelial cells from untreated and fenofibrate-fed rats were isolated and the activities of two enzymes associated with peroxisomes (catalase and the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system) as well as cytosolic and microsomal epoxide hydrolase were measured. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase, cytosolic epoxide hydrolase and catalase activities were 7-12-fold…
Distribution of chlorpromazine in a simplified blood influenced by various drugs
1973
The binding of chlorpromazine to erythrocytes and to albumin as influenced by other drugs was studied in a simplified blood (31.5±0.3% bovine erythrocytes, 4 g-% bovine serum albumin in 0.02 M phosphate buffer solution containing 0.15 M NaCl). the total concentration of chlorpromazine in the simplified blood was 10−4 M, the concentration of the displacing drugs was 10−3 M. After an incubation period of 3 h at 22° C the chlorpromazine concentration was determined in the albumin solution after centrifugation of the blood at 3000×g and in the aqueous phase after ultracentrifugation at 150000×g. Under control conditions 68.1±0.9% of chlorpromazine was bound to the erythrocytes, 28.5±0.9% was bo…
Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiova…
2019
The effect of dietary fat intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in turn on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear in individuals at high CVD risk. Objective: To assess the association between fat intake and MetS components in an adult Mediterranean population at high CVD risk. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6560, men and women, 55–75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS) in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial. Methods: Assessment of fat intake (total fat, monounsatured fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, a-l…
Interactions between dietary n-3 fatty acids and genetic variants and risk of disease
2012
Nutritional genomics has undergone rapid development and the concept is now very popular with the general public. Therefore, there is increasing demand for knowledge on adapting dietary composition to the genome. Our aim has been to undertake a systematic review so as to find out the level of evidence existing on whether the effects of n-3 fatty acids on health can be modulated by genetic variation. A systematic literature search was conducted on studies that jointly analyse the effect of one or more genetic variants in candidate genes and n-3 fatty acids. Both observational and experimental studies were included. Results are classified in accordance with whether the study was undertaken on…
Dietary fish protein lowers blood pressure and alters tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
2003
Abstract Objectives To investigate the effect of two types of dietary protein on blood pressure, liver fatty acid desaturation and composition, and urine 6-keto-prostaglandin-F (PGF1α) level, the metabolite of prostacyclin. Methods 5-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were fed 20% casein or purified fish protein. The fat source was 5% ISIO oil, which contains 47.9% (ω-6) and 1.7% (ω-3) total polyunsaturated fatty acids. After 2 mo on the diet, systolic blood pressure was reduced with fish protein compared with casein (189.8 ± 10.5 versus 220.7 ± 8.7). Results Excretion of 6-keto-PGF1α in urine was negatively correlated with blood pressure. Liver cholesterol and phospholipid concentratio…