Search results for "Food and Nutrition"
showing 10 items of 2749 documents
Seasonal diet-based resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in the fossorial water vole (Arvicola amphibius)
2021
International audience; Anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) resistance has been defined as "a major loss of efficacy due to the presence of a strain of rodent with a heritable and commensurately reduced sensitivity to the anticoagulant". The mechanism that supports this resistance has been identified as based on mutations in the Vkorc1 gene leading to severe resistance in rats and mice. This study evaluates the validity of this definition in the fossorial water vole and explores the possibility of a non-genetic diet-based resistance in a strict herbivorous rodent species. Genetic support was explored by sequencing the Vkorc1 gene and the diet-based resistance was explored by the dosing of vitam…
Monotonous consumption of fibre-enriched bread at breakfast increases satiety and influences subsequent food intake
2012
Research report; International audience; This study aimed to observe the influence of the monotonous consumption of two types of fibre-enriched bread at breakfast on hedonic liking for the bread, subsequent hunger and energy intake. Two groups of unrestrained normal weight participants were given either white sandwich bread (WS) or multigrain sandwich bread (MG) at breakfast (the sensory properties of the WS were more similar to the usual bread eaten by the participants than those of the MG). In each group, two 15-day cross-over conditions were set up. During the experimental condition the usual breakfast of each participant was replaced by an isocaloric portion of plain bread (WS or MG). D…
Influence of substrate oxidation on the reward system, no role of dietary fibre.
2011
International audience; It has been suggested that a high intake of dietary fibre helps regulate energy intake and satiety. The present study aimed to examine whether dietary fibre influenced the liking and wanting components of the food reward system, the metabolic state or subsequent intake. Five sessions involving 32 normal-weight subjects (16 men and 16 women, 30.6 ± 7.6 year) were held. The sessions differed in the composition of the bread eaten during breakfasts (dietary fibre content varied from 2.4 to 12.8 g/100 g). Several factors such as the palatability, weight, volume, energy content and macronutrient composition of the breakfasts were adjusted. Energy expenditure, the respirato…
Extending in vitro digestion models to specific human populations: Perspectives, practical tools and bio-relevant information
2017
29th International Conference of the European-Federation-of-Food-Science-and-Technology (EFFoST) -- NOV 10-12, 2015 -- Athens, GREECE
SAFER et sociétés : trois mariages et un enterrement
2017
International audience; La loi n° 2017-348 du 20 mars 2017 relative à la lutte contre l’accaparement des terres agricoles renforce le pouvoir de surveillance des SAFER sur les appropriations réalisées par les sociétés, mais échoue à étendre leur droit de préemption aux mutations partielles de parts sociales.
La réforme du droit foncier rural : demander l'impossible
2018
International audience; La gestion et l’occupation de la terre font l’objet de débats permanents et passionnés. La concurrence entre les différents usages de l’espace rural n’a jamais été aussi forte, tandis que se pose dorénavant la question des qualités des sols qui seront légués aux générations futures. Au regard d’un droit ancien et dépassé par ces nouveaux enjeux, la nécessité apparaît d’une grande réforme foncière qui embrasse les problèmes dans leur globalité.Le présent ouvrage s’attelle à dresser un diagnostic précis de la situation foncière en France, afin de formuler des propositions juridiques concrètes pouvant servir de matrice d’une future loi. Le sujet est successivement envis…
Infrastructures agroécologiques en droit
2017
International audience; Les infrastructures agroécologiques (IAE) sont une notion récente désignant des éléments naturels, culturels et paysagers, tels les mares, les landes, les haies, les talus, les fossés, les arbres, les bosquets, les bandes enherbées le long des cours d’eau, les murets de pierre ou encore les terrasses. Pendant des siècles, ces milieux physiques sont passés inaperçus pour le droit. Attachés au foncier, ils n’en constituaient qu’un accessoire sommé de suivre le régime juridique du principal. Ces infrastructures étaient sous l’entière maîtrise du propriétaire immobilier pouvant, à sa guise, les créer ou les faire disparaître. Leur statut a cependant c…
La valorisation de l'exploitation agricole : totem et tabou
2017
International audience; Depuis la profondeur des âges et l’ordre éternel des champs, les sociétés agraires se sont toujours montrées réfractaires à la finance. Jusqu’au tournant du milieu XXème siècle, l’esprit paysan – baigné de catholicisme - cultivait même soigneusement sa différence en regard du monde marchand. Il n’est guère étonnant, dans ce contexte, que la valorisation des exploitations agricoles fasse figure de tabou. Mais au-delà des mentalités, c’est la politique juridique française qui a rendu la question impensable. A l’origine de la loi, il y a le souci impérieux d’éviter la spéculation foncière. La terre étant le substrat de la plupart des unités de production agricoles, le l…
Pectin as Drug-Release Vehicle
2020
Pectin as a natural biopolymer is extensively used for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, essentially due to its gelling properties that could be influenced by pectin sources and extraction methods. This chapter focuses on an overview of pectin drug delivery systems classified by their administration routes. Oral drug delivery systems have been mainly developed, as pectin could be used in tablets as binder or matrix excipients and in microparticles/beads obtained by ionotropic gelation. The main objective is to target the colon, as pectin is resistant in acidic pH and sensitive to pectinolytic enzymes in the colon. To obtain suitable properties, pectin could be used in its native s…
Adverse drug reactions in some African herbal medicine: literature review and stakeholders’ interview
2014
International audience; Background: In view of the large consumption of herbal medicine in Africa countries, it is likely that many adverse drugs reactions go unrecorded with either patients failing to present to health services, or no pharmacovigilance analysis being made, or the analysis not being reported centrally. This problem is of interest especially for those who are working in the general area of adverse drug reactions or stakeholders in the domain of herbal medicine for considering safety issues. Methods: We are particularly interested in the way that the use of very wellknown and highly valued plants is linked to the observation of adverse drug reactions in African countries. We …