Search results for "Fusarium"
showing 10 items of 286 documents
Biomonitoring of Enniatin B1 and Its Phase I Metabolites in Human Urine: First Large-Scale Study
2020
Enniatins (Enns) are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. which are a fungus widely spread throughout cereals and cereal-based products. Among all the identified enniatins, Enn B1 stands as one of the most prevalent analogues in cereals in Europe. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the presence of Enn B1 and its phase I metabolites in 300 human urine samples using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) methodology. Enn B1 was detected in 94.3% of samples ranging from 0.007 to 0.429 ng/mL (mean value: 0.065 ng/mL). In accordance with previous in vitro and in vivo analysis, hydroxylated metabolites …
Potential Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 Occurrence on Corn Kernels and Corn Ears
2019
Fungal spoilage is an important issue for the food industry, leading to food sensory defects, food waste, economic losses and public health concern through the production of mycotoxins. Concomitantly, the search for safer natural products has gained importance since consumers began to look for less processed and chemically treated foods. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic effect of seven strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were grown on Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth at 37 º
Target Analysis and Retrospective Screening of Multiple Mycotoxins in Pet Food Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS
2019
A comprehensive strategy combining a quantitative method for 28 mycotoxins and a post-target screening for other 245 fungal and bacterial metabolites in dry pet food samples were developed using an acetonitrile-based extraction and an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) method. The proposed method showed satisfactory validation results according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Average recoveries from 72 to 108% were obtained for all studied mycotoxins, and the intra-/inter-day precision were below 9 and 14%, respectively. Results showed mycotoxin contamination in 99% of pet food samples (n = 89) at concentratio…
Antifungal effects of the bioactive compounds enniatins A, A1, B, B1
2010
To produce enniatin (ENs), Fusarium tricinctum CECT 20150 was grown in a liquid medium of potato (PDB), being mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a reverse phase semipreparative column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water using gradient condition. The purity of the ENs fractions was verified by analytical HPLC and LC/MS-MS. The pure fractions of ENs were utilized to study the biological activity on several mycotoxigenic moulds as Fusarium verticilloides, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium tricinctum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Beauveria bassiana, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Asp…
CommercialOriganum compactumBenth. andCinnamomum zeylanicumBlume essential oils against natural mycoflora in Valencia rice
2015
Chemical composition of commercial Origanum compactum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils and the antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi isolated from Mediterranean rice grains have been investigated. Sixty-one compounds accounting for more than 99.5% of the total essential oil were identified by using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Carvacrol (43.26%), thymol (21.64%) and their biogenetic precursors p-cymene (13.95%) and γ-terpinene (11.28%) were the main compounds in oregano essential oil, while the phenylpropanoids, eugenol (62.75%), eugenol acetate (16.36%) and (E)-cinnamyl acetate (6.65%) were found in cinnamon essential oil. Both es…
Effectiveness of the Influence of Selected Essential Oils on the Growth of Parasitic Fusarium Isolated from Wheat Kernels from Central Europe
2021
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of selected seven commercial essential oils (EsO) (grapefruit, lemongrass, tea tree (TTO), thyme, verbena, cajeput, and Litsea cubeba) on isolates of common Central European parasitic fungal species of Fusarium obtained from infected wheat kernels, and to evaluate the oils as potential natural fungicides. The study was conducted in 2 stages. At each stage, the fungicidal activity of EsO (with concentrations of 0.025
Antifungal effect of engineered silver nanoparticles on phytopathogenic and toxigenic Fusarium spp. and their impact on mycotoxin accumulation.
2019
Abstract Cereal grains are essential ingredient in food, feed and industrial processing. One of the major causes of cereal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination is the presence of toxigenic Fusarium spp. Nanoparticles have immense applications in agriculture, nutrition, medicine or health but their possible impact on the management of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins have been very little explored. In this report, the potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (size 14–100 nm) against the major toxigenic Fusarium spp. affecting crops and their effect on mycotoxin accumulation is evaluated for the first time. The studied Fusarium spp. (and associated mycotoxins) were F. graminearum and F. culmor…
Characterization of five fungal endophytes producing Cajaninstilbene acid isolated from pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp].
2011
Five fungal endophytes (K4, K5, K6, K9, K14) producing Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA, 3-hydroxy-4-prenyl-5-methoxystilbene-2-carboxylic acid) were isolated from the roots of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. CSA is responsible for the prominent pharmacological activities in pigeon pea. The amount of CSA in culture solution varied among the five fungal endophytes. K4 produced the highest levels of CSA (1037.13 µg/L) among the endophytes tested after incubation for five days. Both morphological characteristics and molecular methods were used for species identification of fungal endophytes. The five endophytic isolates were characterized by analyzing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rR…
Evolution of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins contents throughout the shelf-life period of food
2014
which is cooked by steaming. It has been historically eaten in North African countries but nowadays its consumption is widely extended all around the world. As a cereal-based food, semolina is highly susceptible to contamination by mycotoxin-producing fungi. The presented procedure involves a modified QuEChERSbased extraction of 24 mycotoxins (15-ADON, 3-ADON, AFLAB1, AFLAB2, AFLAG1, AFLAG2, BEA, DON, DAS, ENA, ENA1, ENB, ENB1, FB1, FB2, FB3, FUSX, HT-2, NEO, NIV, OTA, STG, T2, ZEA) produced by Aspergillus, Penicillum and Fusarium fungi. The validation was performed by analyzing recovery samples at three different spiked concentrations with four replicates (n=4) at each concentration. Recov…
An Overview on the Status of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Spain
2004
Mycotoxins are a group of secondary metabolites which are produced by various filamentous fungi, and which can produce a toxic response in animals or humans after ingestion of contaminated food. The main toxigenic fungi isolated from foods and feeds belong to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Alternaria. Spores of these moulds are almost universally present everywhere, they fall on plants and, under appropriate conditions, they can germinate and generate mycelia causing crop spoilage and/or production of mycotoxins.