Search results for "GLUCAGON-LIKE"
showing 10 items of 110 documents
Semaglutide reduces fat accumulation in the tongue: A randomized single-blind, pilot study
2021
Abstract Aim We evaluated the effect of the latest GLP-1 RA semaglutide on tongue fat storage in obese women. Design. We conducted a randomized single-blind, pilot study. Methods Twenty-five obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (33.7 ± 5.3 years, body mass index (BMI) 36.1 ± 3.9 kg/m2, mean ± SD) were randomized to semaglutide 1.0 mg or placebo for 16 weeks. We quantified tongue volume and its fat tissue and fat proportion by magnetic resonance imaging. Results Tongue fat tissue and fat proportion significantly reduced after semaglutide vs placebo (-1.94 ± 5.51 vs. + 3.12 ± 4.87 cm3, p = 0.022, and −0.02 ± 0.07 vs. 0.04 ± 0.06, p = 0.010, respectively). Correlation analysis rev…
Synthesis and evaluation of zirconium-89 labelled and long-lived GLP-1 receptor agonists for PET imaging
2020
Contains fulltext : 220838.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) INTRODUCTION: Lately, zirconium-89 has shown great promise as a radionuclide for PET applications of long circulating biomolecules. Here, the design and synthesis of protracted and long-lived GLP-1 receptor agonists conjugated to desferrioxamine and labelled with zirconium-89 is presented with the purpose of studying their in vivo distribution by PET imaging. The labelled conjugates were evaluated and compared to a non-labelled GLP-1 receptor agonist in both in vitro and in vivo assays to certify that the modification did not significantly alter the peptides' structure or function. Finally, the zirconium-89 labelled peptide…
GLP-2: What do we know? What are we going to discover?
2014
Glucagon-like peptide 2 [GLP-2] is a 33-amino acid peptide released from the mucosal enteroendocrine L-cells of the intestine. The actions of GLP-2 are transduced by the GLP-2 receptor [GLP-2R], which is localized in the neurons of the enteric nervous system but not in the intestinal epithelium, indicating an indirect mechanism of action. GLP-2 is well known for its trophic role within the intestine and interest in GLP-2 is now reviving based on the approval of the GLP-2R agonist for treatment of short bowel syndrome [SBS]. Recently it also seems to be involved in glucose homeostasis. The aim of this review is to outline the importance of neuroendocrine peptides, specifically of GLP-2 in th…
Exploiting the Pleiotropic Antioxidant Effects of Established Drugs in Cardiovascular Disease.
2015
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and reduced quality of life worldwide. Arterial vessels are a primary target for endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, which is accompanied or even driven by increased oxidative stress. Recent research in this field identified different sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species contributing to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. According to lessons from the past, improvement of endothelial function and prevention of cardiovascular disease by systemic, unspecific, oral antioxidant therapy are obviously too simplistic an approach. Source- and cell organelle-specific antioxidants as well as activators of intrinsic antiox…
Incretins, Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes
2015
The number of pregnant women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing among Caucasians, and East Asians. GDM also increases the risk for later advent of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease in both women and their offspring. The underlying mechanism of GDM is not fully elucidated. Incretins such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), have been suggested to have a role in maternal metabolism and weight as well as fetal growth. These hormones might be implicated in mechanisms that compensate for the increment in glycemia and insulin resistance seen during pregnancy, while other factors, such a…
GLP 1 receptor agonists, glycemic variability, oxidative stress and acute coronary syndrome
2020
Abstract Glycemic variability (GV) has been recently described as an independent cardiovascular risk factor in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Also, new findings suggest that GV plays an important role in the development of complications related to impaired glucose metabolism and oxidative stress. On the other hand, although treatment for diabetes can reduce HbA1c in a similar extent their effectiveness over GV can be radically different. Patients in the acute setting of a coronary syndrome should be strictly monitorized to maintain glucose within recommended values; avoiding values lower than 90 mg/dL (5 mmol/L) and higher than 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L). Also, evidence suggests th…
GLP2: An underestimated signal for improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity
2016
Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP2) is a proglucagon-derived peptide produced by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and by a discrete population of neurons in the brainstem, which projects mainly to the hypothalamus. The main biological actions of GLP2 are related to the regulation of energy absorption and maintenance of mucosal morphology, function and integrity of the intestine; however, recent experimental data suggest that GLP2 exerts beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, especially in conditions related to increased uptake of energy, such as obesity, at least in the animal model. Indeed, mice lacking GLP2 receptor selectively in hypothalamic neurons that express proopiomelanocortin show…
GLP-1 receptor agonists and reduction of cardiometabolic risk: Potential underlying mechanisms
2018
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic condition with an elevated impact on cardiovascular (CV) risk. The innovative therapeutic approaches for T2DM - incretin-based therapies (IBTs), including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, have become popular and more widely used in recent years. The available scientific data from clinical studies and clinical practice highlights their beyond glucose-lowering effects, which is achieved without any increase in hypoglycaemia. The former effects include reduction in body weight, lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and subclinical atherosclerosis, thus reducing and potentially pr…
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management.
2015
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic disease with serious health consequences, but weight loss is difficult to maintain through lifestyle intervention alone. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, has been shown to have potential benefit for weight management at a once-daily dose of 3.0 mg, injected subcutaneously. METHODS: We conducted a 56-week, double-blind trial involving 3731 patients who did not have type 2 diabetes and who had a body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of at least 30 or a BMI of at least 27 if they had treated or untreated dyslipidemia or hypertension. We randomly assigned patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive on…
Incretin Response to Mixed Meal Challenge in Active Cushing’s Disease and after Pasireotide Therapy
2022
Cushing’s disease (CD) causes diabetes mellitus (DM) through different mechanisms in a significant proportion of patients. Glucose metabolism has rarely been assessed with appropriate testing in CD; we aimed to evaluate hormonal response to a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) in CD patients and analyzed the effect of pasireotide (PAS) on glucose homeostasis. To assess gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones response in diabetic (DM+) and non-diabetic (DM–) patients, 26 patients with CD underwent an MMTT. Ten patients were submitted to a second MMTT after two months of PAS 600 µg twice daily. The DM+ group had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, glycemia, HbA1c, ACTH le…