Search results for "GLUTATHIONE"
showing 10 items of 743 documents
Changes inα-tocopherol and retinol levels during cardiopulmonary bypass correlate with maximal arterial partial pressure of oxygen
2007
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with oxidative stress. This study examined antioxidant levels in adults undergoing CPB surgery and their correlation with clinical variables. Arterial blood samples were obtained from 27 patients undergoing CPB. The time-course variation of vitamin C (spectrofluorimetry), alpha-tocopherol and retinol (HPLC) levels were determined. Plasma vitamin C rose initially but gradually decayed during reperfusion until 60% reduction of baseline values post-surgery. alpha-Tocopherol and retinol were reduced along CPB with post-operative values approximately 25% lower than baseline. No significant changes were found for selenium and glutathione peroxidase. PaO(…
Decreased level of cardiac antioxidants in endurance-trained rats.
1989
Han-Wistar rats were exposed to a 194-200 h swimming protocol which caused a significant increase in the cardiac weight. The levels of various tissue antioxidants were assayed from the myocardium of the right ventricle and from the left ventricle (subendo- and subepimyocardium). This endurance training decreased the activities of catalase in the right ventricle and in the subendo- and subepimyocardium and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in the subendomyocardium as well as the concentration of vitamin E in the right ventricle and in the subendomyocardium. Also, the activity of thioredoxin reductase decreased in each part of myocardium and that of glutathione reductase in the right ventricle and i…
Exhaustive physical exercise causes oxidation of glutathione status in blood: Prevention by antioxidant administration
1992
We have studied the effect of exhaustive concentric physical exercise on glutathione redox status and the possible relationship between blood glutathione oxidation and blood lactate and pyruvate levels. Levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in blood increase after exhaustive concentric physical exercise in trained humans. GSSG levels were 72% higher immediately after exercise than at rest. They returned to normal values 1 h after exercise. Blood reduced glutathione (GSH) levels did not change significantly after the exercise. We have found a linear relationship between GSSG-to-GSH and lactate-to-pyruvate ratios in human blood before, during, and after exhaustive exercise. In rats, physical…
Chronic alcohol feeding induces biochemical, histological, and functional alterations in rat retina.
2008
Aims: Ethanol consumption originates a wide spectrum of disorders, including alteration of visual function. Oxidative stress is included among the mechanisms by which alcohol predisposes nervous tissue to injury. Retina, which is the neurosensorial eye tissue, is particularly sensitive to oxidative stress. Methods: In this study we analyze the effect of long-term alcohol consumption on oxidative stress parameters of the rat retina, and its correlation to retinal function, as well as to the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. We also study the protective effect of ebselen, a synthetic selenoorganic antioxidant. Results: Herein we show that ethanol has a toxic effect on rat retina …
Early lipoic acid intake protects retina of diabetic mice
2008
The aim of this study was to test the effect of lipoic acid treatment on the retina after a short diabetic insult. Diabetes was induced by alloxan and mice were divided into sub-groups; control, diabetic, diabetic+insulin and all groups received+/-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks. GSH content, MDA concentration, GPx activity were measured and electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded. Early administration of lipoic acid to diabetic mice prevented the statistically significant decreases of GSH content and GPx activity and normalized MDA concentration. Moreover, lipoic acid restored electroretinogram b-wave amplitude of diabetic animals to control values. Lipoic acid has a protect…
Antioxidant enzyme activities and the production of MDA and 8-oxo-dG in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
2001
Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a neoplastic disease susceptible to antioxidant enzyme alterations and oxidative stress. We have examined the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio together with the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in lymphocytes of CLL patients and compared them with those of normal subjects of the same age. SOD and CAT activity decreased in CLL lymphocytes while GPx activity increased. GSH content of CLL lymphocytes also increased, and GSSG concentration remained constant. Thus, a reduced GSSG/GSH ratio was obtaine…
Effects of vitamin e and glutathione on glucose metabolism: Role of magnesium
1999
Abstract —Vitamin E is an antioxidant that has been demonstrated to improve insulin action. Glutathione, another natural antioxidant, may also be important in blood pressure and glucose homeostasis, consistent with the involvement of free radicals in both essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Our group has recently suggested that the effects of reduced glutathione on glucose metabolism may be mediated, at least in part, by intracellular magnesium levels (Mg [i] ). Recent evidence suggests that vitamin E enhances glutathione levels and may play a protective role in magnesium deficiency–induced cardiac lesions. To directly investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on insul…
Impact of cardiovascular risk factors on oxidative stress and DNA damage in a high risk Mediterranean population
2009
The impact of classic cardiovascular risk factors on oxidative stress status in a high-risk cardiovascular Mediterranean population of 527 subjects was estimated. Oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-7′8′-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio) together with the activity of antioxidant enzyme triad (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) were analysed in circulating mononuclear blood cells. Malondialdehyde, oxidized glutathione and the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione were signifi cantly higher while catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were signifi cantly lower in high cardiovascular risk participants than in controls. S…
Decreased cell proliferation and higher oxidative stress in fibroblasts from Down Syndrome fetuses. Preliminary study
2013
Abstract Down Syndrome is the most common chromosomal disease and is also known for its decreased incidence of solid tumors and its progeroid phenotype. Cellular and systemic oxidative stress has been considered as one of the Down Syndrome phenotype causes. We correlated, in a preliminary study, the fibroblast proliferation rate and different cell proliferation key regulators, like Rcan1 and the telomere length from Down Syndrome fetuses, with their oxidative stress profile and the Ribonucleic acid and protein expression of the main antioxidant enzymes together with their activity. Increased oxidized glutathione/glutathione ratio and high peroxide production were found in our cell model. Th…
Retinol, at concentrations greater than the physiological limit, induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts
2004
We have investigated the dose (in the range of microM) and time-dependent effects of four different retinoids (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid and retinol palmitate) on human dermal fibroblasts cultivated in vitro. Retinol and retinal, at a concentration of 20 microM, caused cell damage as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase activity released into the culture medium. The oxidised glutathione (GSSG)/reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio and malondialdehyde production indicated that 20 microM of retinol provoked oxidative stress in the cultivated human fibroblasts. In the first 8 h after retinol treatment the levels of p53 and Bax proteins as well as caspase 3 activity increased, suggesting apoptoti…