Search results for "GRADE"
showing 10 items of 695 documents
Sequential boost in neoadjuvant irradiation for T3N0-1 rectal cancer: long-term results from a single-center experience.
2016
Purpose To evaluate the influence of radiation dose on tumor regression grade (TRG) and sphincter preservation rate in a series of cT3N0-1 rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) with or without a sequential radiation boost. Materials and methods Between May 2002 and September 2013, 116 cases were eligible for retrospective evaluation. Radiotherapy was delivered for a total dose of 45 Gy (no boost arm) or 50.4 Gy (boost arm). TRG was evaluated with the Dworak scale. Results Median follow-up was 62 months (range, 12-138 months). The 5-year overall survival and local control rates were 72% and 93%, respectively. Fifty-five patients (47%) were treated with a s…
Diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis in children: blinded, comparative study of magnetic resonance versus endoscopic cholangiography.
2013
Summary Background Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) has been validated as comparable to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) for the diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis (SC) in adult patients. In children, MRC is widely used based mainly on non-comparative studies. Patients and methods ERCs and MRCs of seven children (median age 9, range: 7–20 years) with SC and 17 controls (median age 6, range: 2 months–20 years) with other chronic liver diseases were reviewed in a blinded, random and independent way. All patients underwent both examinations within a 6-months slot. All ERCs and 17 MRCs were performed under general anesthesia. One radiologist evaluated both ERCs and MRCs and …
Anterograde tracing of retinal afferents to the tree shrew hypothalamus and raphe
2000
The anterograde neuronal transport of Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) was used in this study to label the termination of retinal afferents in the hypothalamus of the tree shrew Tupaia belangeri. Upon pressure-injection of the substance into the vitreous body of one eye, a major projection of the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) was found to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Although the innervation pattern was bilateral, the ipsilateral SCN received a somewhat stronger projection. Labeling was also found in the supraoptic nucleus and its perinuclear zone, respectively, mainly ipsilaterally as well as in the bilateral para- and periventricular hypothalamic regions without lateral pr…
SPG10 is a rare cause of spastic paraplegia in European families.
2008
Contains fulltext : 71099.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: SPG10 is an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), which is caused by mutations in the neural kinesin heavy chain KIF5A gene, the neuronal motor of fast anterograde axonal transport. Only four mutations have been identified to date. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of SPG10 in European families with HSP and to specify the SPG10 phenotype. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 80 index patients from families with autosomal dominant HSP were investigated for SPG10 mutations by direct sequencing of the KIF5A motor domain. Additionally, the whole gene was sequenced in 20 of these families. RESULTS: Th…
Metformin and health outcomes:An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses
2021
Background:\ud \ud The objective was to capture the breadth of outcomes that have been associated with metformin use and to systematically assess the quality, strength and credibility of these associations using the umbrella review methodology.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud Four major databases were searched until 31 May 2020. Meta‐analyses of observational studies and meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (including active and placebo control arms) were included.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud From 175 eligible publications, we identified 427 different meta‐analyses, including 167 meta‐analyses of observational studies, 147 meta‐analyses of RCTs for metformin vs placebo/no treatment and 11…
Projection Neurons in the Superior Olivary Complex of the Rat Auditory Brainstem: A Double Retrograde Tracing Study
1998
The superior olivary complex (SOC), a group of interrelated brainstem nuclei, sends efferents to a variety of neuronal structures including the cochlea and the inferior colliculus (IC). In the present study conducted in rats, we sought to investigate whether single SOC efferent neurons project to both cochlea and IC. These neurons were identified by retrograde axonal transport of the neuronal tracers fluoro-gold upon application to the cochlea and cholera toxin B subunit injected into the central nucleus of the IC. Projections to the cochlea were found to stem predominantly from the ipsilateral lateral superior olive (LSO) and medial superior olive (MSO) as well as from the bilateral superi…
Hippocampal GABAergic Synapses Possess the Molecular Machinery for Retrograde Nitric Oxide Signaling
2007
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in synaptic plasticity as a retrograde messenger at glutamatergic synapses. Here we describe that, in hippocampal pyramidal cells, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is also associated with the postsynaptic active zones of GABAergic symmetrical synapses terminating on their somata, dendrites, and axon initial segments in both mice and rats. The NO receptor nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NOsGC) is present in the brain in two functional subunit compositions: α1β1and α2β1. The β1subunit is expressed in both pyramidal cells and interneurons in the hippocampus. Using immunohistochemistry andin situhybridization methods, we describe that the …
Fluency and rule breaking behaviour in the frontal cortex
2020
Design (DF) and phonemic fluency tests (FAS; D-KEFS, 2001) are commonly used to investigate voluntary generation. Despite this, several important issues remain poorly investigated. In a sizeable sample of patients with focal left or right frontal lesion we established that voluntary generation performance cannot be accounted for by fluid intelligence. For DF we found patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls (HC) only on the switch condition. However, no significant difference between left and right frontal patients was found. In contrast, left frontal patients were significantly impaired when compared with HC and right frontal patients on FAS. These lateralization findin…
Occupational solvent exposure and risk of glioma in the INTEROCC study
2017
BACKGROUND: The aetiology of glioma remains largely unknown. Occupational solvent exposure has been suggested as a putative cause of glioma, but past studies have been inconsistent. We examined the association between a range of solvents and glioma risk within the INTEROCC project, a study of brain tumours and occupational exposures based on data from seven national case-control studies conducted in the framework of the INTERPHONE study. We also investigated associations according to tumour grade.METHODS: Data from the seven countries were standardised and then combined into one aggregate data set. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for adjusted models that included sex, age, country-r…
Histomorphological tumor regression grading of esophageal carcinoma after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy: which score to use?
2006
Histopathological tumor regression grade (TRG) has been shown to be a prognostic factor in patients with esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT). The system introduced by Mandard to group TRG (Cancer 1994;73:2680-2686) has been used to analyse and discuss its prognostic significance on survival in a single institution retrospective analysis: TRG 1 (complete regression) - TRG 5 (absence of regressive changes). Sixty patients with locally advanced (T3/4 or N1) adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma received cisplatin-based RCT. Three to four weeks later operation for curative intent was performed. Median follow-up was 17.7 months. Histopathological tumor stages were sta…