Search results for "Graft rejection"
showing 10 items of 96 documents
Leflunomide (HWA 486), a novel immunomodulating compound for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and reactions leading to transplantation rejection.
1991
Leflunomide has been shown to be very effective in preventing and curing several autoimmune animal diseases. Further, this agent is as effective as cyclosporin A in preventing the rejection of skin and kidney transplants in rats. Preliminary results from patients suffering from severe cases of rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated that clinical and immunological parameters could be improved with leflunomide therapy. Mode of action studies revealed that this substance antagonizes the proliferation inducing activity of several cytokines and is cytostatic for certain cell types. In this light, we could show that tyrosine phosphorylation of the RR-SRC peptide substrate and the autophosphorylation o…
Increased expression of the potential proapoptotic molecule DD2 and increased synthesis of leukotriene B4 during allograft rejection in a marine spon…
2000
Sponges (Porifera) are a classical model to study the events during tissue transplantation. Applying the 'insertion technique' autografts from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium fuse within 5 days. In contrast, allografts are rejected and destroyed. Here we show that during allograft rejection the cells in the grafts undergo apoptosis; 5 days after transplantation 46% of the cells show signs of apoptosis. In a previous study it was shown that during this process a tumor necrosis factor-like molecule is induced in allo- and xenografts. Molecules grouped to the superfamily of tumor necrosis factor receptors and a series of associated adapter molecules contain the characteristic death domain. T…
GM-CSF restores innate, but not adaptive, immune responses in glucocorticoid-immunosuppressed human blood in vitro.
2003
Abstract Infection remains the major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplantation. Therefore, reconstitution of the innate immunity against infections, without activation of the adaptive immune responses, to prevent graft rejection is a clinically desirable status in transplant recipients. We found that GM-CSF restored TNF mRNA and protein expression without inducing IL-2 production and T cell proliferation in glucocorticoid-immunosuppressed blood from either healthy donors or liver transplant patients. Gene array experiments indicated that GM-CSF selectively restored a variety of dexamethasone-suppressed, LPS-inducible genes relevant for innate immunity. A possible ex…
Patient outcomes in two steroid-free regimens using tacrolimus monotherapy after daclizumab induction and tacrolimus with mycophenolate mofetil in li…
2008
Introduction. Long-term steroid administration may predispose liver transplant recipients to infectious and metabolic complication. Maintaining effective immunoprophylaxis while minimizing the negative consequences of steroid therapy could be a key factor in improving clinical outcomes.Methods. Six hundred two patients were randomized to receive tacrolimus (TAC) immunosuppression with a single-steroid bolus and two doses of daclizumab (DAC) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).Results. The incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection was 19.7% in the TAC/DAC group and 16.2% in the TAC/ MMF group (ns). Three-month patient and graft survival were similar. Steroid use at month-3 was low at 5.5% in the…
14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop: Report on the Prospective Chronic Rejection Project
2007
An international collaborative study of 45 transplant centers was undertaken at the 14th International HLA (human leukocyte antigen) and Immunogenetics Workshop to see if HLA antibodies detected posttransplant are predictive of chronic graft failure. With the newly developed assay, MICA (major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A) antibodies were also measured and their effect analyzed. Total of 5219 sera from patients who were more than 6 months posttransplant with functioning graft were tested for HLA antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, or Luminex. HLA antibodies were found in 27.2% of kidney patients, 23.6% in the liver, 52.7% in the heart, and …
HCV-induced immune responses influence the development of operational tolerance after liver transplantation in humans.
2014
Pathogen-induced immune responses prevent the establishment of transplantation tolerance in experimental animal models. Whether this occurs in humans as well remains unclear. The development of operational tolerance in liver transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection allows us to address this question. We conducted a clinical trial of immunosuppression withdrawal in HCV-infected adult liver recipients to elucidate (i) the mechanisms through which allograft tolerance can be established in the presence of an ongoing inflammatory response and (ii) whether anti-HCV heterologous immune responses influence this phenomenon. Of 34 enrolled liver recipients, drug withdrawal…
A NONHEALING ULCER DIAGNOSED AS EXTRAMEDULLARY PLASMOCYTOMA OF THE LIMB EIGHT YEARS AFTER CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION
1999
A 63-year-old man was hospitalized for a nonhealing ulcer of the left lower leg that appeared 8 years after orthotopic cardiac transplantation under immunosuppressive therapy including cyclosporine. Serum protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, and urinalysis revealed a monoclonal gammopathy IgG kappa. The final diagnosis of an extramedullary plasmocytoma was made by biopsy of the ulcer, which showed formations of plasmablastic cells. We report a rare case of extramedullary plasmocytoma as a posttransplantational malignancy.
First report on fertility after allogeneic uterus transplantation
2010
Uterus transplantation may become the first available treatment for uterine factor infertility, which is due to the absence or malfunction of the uterus. Here we describe for the first time pregnancy after allogeneic uterus transplantation, as a proof of concept of uterine function in a transplanted uterus in a standardized animal model (rat) under immunosuppression.
Postoperative Repositioning of Inverted Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Grafts
2019
Item does not contain fulltext PURPOSE: To present 4 cases of postoperative repositioning of inverted grafts after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). METHODS: Retrospective case reports of 4 patients presenting with subtotal to total graft detachment after DMEK, most probably owing to upside-down graft positioning. Graft repositioning was performed 1 to 14 days after initial DMEK surgery. In 3 cases (cases 1, 3, and 4), repositioning was performed without removing the graft from the anterior chamber (AC), whereas for case 2, the graft had to be removed from the AC to attain correct graft orientation. RESULTS: In all 4 cases, the initially upside-down DMEK grafts could be suc…
Cytomegalovirus inhibits the engraftment of donor bone marrow cells by downregulation of hemopoietin gene expression in recipient stroma
1998
ABSTRACT Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after bone marrow (BM) transplantation is often associated with BM graft failure. There are two possible reasons for such a correlation. First, a poor hematopoietic reconstitution of unrelated etiology could promote the progression of CMV infection by the lack of immune control. Alternatively, CMV infection could interfere with the engraftment of donor BM cells in recipient BM stroma. Evidence for a causative role of CMV in BM aplasia came from studies in long-term BM cultures and from the murine in vivo model of CMV-induced aplastic anemia. A deficiency in the expression of essential stromal hemopoietins, such as stem cell factor (SCF), has indicated …