Search results for "HIV infections"
showing 10 items of 304 documents
Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Nucleic Acid on Inactivated Filter Paper Disks by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Microtiter Plate Assay
1994
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cultured cells, peripheral blood samples and sera were adsorbed on filter paper disks and inactivated by heat or ethanol. Two procedures, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microtiter plate assay (HMPA) were used to detect the nucleic acid. The sensitivity after different heat treatments with nested PCR for HIV-1 DNA (or nested reverse transcription-PCR for HIV-1 RNA) was identical regardless of whether the samples were examined immediately or one month later. Inactivation by ethanol treatment resulted in a slight loss of sensitivity. The HMPA proved to be as reliable and specific as the conventional PCR technique. We conclude that the hea…
Different methods of cell quantification can lead to different results: a comparison of digital methods using a pilot study of dendritic cells in HIV…
2019
Background Although new digital pathology tools have improved the positive cell quantification, there is a heterogeneity of the quantification methods in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate and propose a novel dendritic cells quantification method in squamous cell carcinoma comparing it with a conventional quantification method. Material and Methods Twenty-six squamous cell carcinomas HIV-positive cases affecting the oropharynx, lips and oral cavity were selected. Immunohistochemistry for CD1a, CD83, and CD207 was performed. The immunohistochemical stains were evaluated by automated examination using a positive pixel count algorithm. A conventional quantification method (u…
Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study…
2014
BACKGROUND: The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery.METHODS: We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to analyse a database of data for 7065 site-years and estimate the number of maternal deaths from all causes in 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. We estimated the number of pregnancy-related deaths caused by HIV on the basi…
Factors Associated with Nonsuppression of HIV Infection in the Spanish VACH Cohort.
2020
We aim to determine the prevalence of HIV nonsuppression and factors associated with it. This is a cross-sectional multicenter study carried out in January 2016 with data of the VACH Cohort, a registry participated by 23 hospitals from most regions of Spain. The prevalence of HIV nonsuppression, defined as HIV RNA ≥200 copies/mL, is documented. The possible association of HIV nonsuppression with sociodemographic and clinical variables is assessed with a logistic regression analysis. A total of 30,843 adult patients are included; 7,358 of them (23.86%) have nonsuppressed HIV. An association is found between nonsuppression of HIV and the following variables: lower body mass index, lower age o…
Pepstatins: Aspartic proteinase inhibitors having potential therapeutic applications
1993
Cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) is a lysomal aspartie proteinase that is involved, under normal phusiologycal conditions, ...
Recent advances on HIV DNA vaccines development: Stepwise improvements to clinical trials.
2019
According to WHO (World Health Organization) reports, more than 770,000 people died from HIV and almost 1.7 million people becoming newly infected in the worldwide in 2018. Therefore, many attempts should be done to produce a forceful vaccine to control the AIDS. DNA-based vaccines have been investigated for HIV vaccination by researches during the recent 20 years. The DNA vaccines are novel approach for induction of both type of immune responses (cellular and humoral) in the host cells and have many advantages including high stability, fast and easy of fabrication and absence of severe side effects when compared with other vaccination methods. Recent studies have been focused on vaccine de…
Adverse cutaneous reactions associated with the newest antiretroviral drugs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
2008
HIV-infected patients have a higher risk of developing cutaneous reactions than the general population, which has a significant impact on patients' current and future care options. The severity of cutaneous adverse reactions varies greatly, and some may be difficult to manage. HIV-infected patients just at the beginning of antiretroviral treatment can frequently show a wide variety of adverse drug effects such as drug rashes, hyperpigmentation, hair loss, hypersensitivity reactions, injection site reaction, urticarial reaction, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The early detection and treatment of cutaneous adverse drug reactions, plus identificati…
Pyrrolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines and related non-rigid analogues as antiviral agents.
2002
Abstract The pyrrolo[1,2- f ]phenanthridines 8 – 22 and the corresponding non-rigid analogues 23 – 41 were synthesised and their ability to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 was tested. Only the polycyclic derivatives 10 , 11 , and 13 showed a weak anti -HIV activity, whereas several pyrrolo-phenanthridines ( 8 , 10 , 16 – 18 ) were found to stimulate the multiplication of MT-4 cells at low concentrations. Derivative 10 demonstrated to possess the unique property of stimulating the multiplication of lymphocytes joined to HIV inhibition.
HIV plays (and wins) a game of T cell Brinkmanship.
2013
HIV, unlike other viruses, may benefit from immune recognition by preserving the sequence of its T cell epitopes, thereby enhancing transmission between cells.
Exceptional Heterogeneity in Viral Evolutionary Dynamics Characterises Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection.
2016
The treatment of HCV infection has seen significant progress, particularly since the approval of new direct-acting antiviral drugs. However these clinical achievements have been made despite an incomplete understanding of HCV replication and within-host evolution, especially compared with HIV-1. Here, we undertake a comprehensive analysis of HCV within-host evolution during chronic infection by investigating over 4000 viral sequences sampled longitudinally from 15 HCV-infected patients. We compare our HCV results to those from a well-studied HIV-1 cohort, revealing key differences in the evolutionary behaviour of these two chronic-infecting pathogens. Notably, we find an exceptional level o…