Search results for "HUMAN HEALTH"
showing 10 items of 1622 documents
How Big Data Informs Us About the Population Health Status : endophthalmitis after ophthalmologic procedures
2022
The use of Big Data, in the form of almost exhaustive French medico-administrative databases, has made it possible to address several issues without which this would not have been possible. First, to define the incidence of endophthalmitis after ophthalmologic procedures without bias on specific recruitment modalities of respondents (tertiary centers, questionnaires ...). Thus, local observations of a change in prevalence trends of causative procedures were confirmed at the national level. The reliable description of the incidence of endophthalmitis will then make it possible to identify critical situations of recrudescence of cases. The knowledge of the delay of occurrence after the proced…
The cost-effectiveness of neonatal versus prenatal screening for congenital toxoplasmosis
2019
BackgroundCongenital Toxoplasmosis (CT) can have severe consequences. France, Austria, and Slovenia have prenatal screening programs whereas some other countries are considering universal screening to reduce congenital transmission and severity of infection in children. The efficiency of such programs is debated increasingly as seroprevalence among pregnant women and incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis show a steady decrease. In addition, uncertainty remains regarding the effectiveness of pre- and postnatal treatments.MethodTo identify cost-effective strategies, prenatal and neonatal screenings were compared using a decision-analytic model based on French guidelines and current knowledge …
A look into the future of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe : an expert consultation
2021
How will the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic develop in the coming months and years? Based on an expert survey, we examine key aspects that are likely to influence COVID-19 in Europe. The future challenges and developments will strongly depend on the progress of national and global vaccination programs, the emergence and spread of variants of concern, and public responses to nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). In the short term, many people are still unvaccinated, VOCs continue to emerge and spread, and mobility and population mixing is expected to increase over the summer. Therefore, policies that lift restrictions too much and too early risk another damaging wave. This ch…
Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions
2013
The importance of commensal microbes for human health is increasingly recognized, yet the impacts of evolutionary changes in human diet and culture on commensal microbiota remain almost unknown. Two of the greatest dietary shifts in human evolution involved the adoption of carbohydrate-rich Neolithic (farming) diets (beginning ∼10,000 years before the present) and the more recent advent of industrially processed flour and sugar (in ∼1850). Here, we show that calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) on ancient teeth preserves a detailed genetic record throughout this period. Data from 34 early European skeletons indicate that the transition from hunter-gatherer to farming shifted the oral m…
Détection automatique des repères visuels associés à la dépression
2018
Depression is the most prevalent mood disorder worldwide having a significant impact on well-being and functionality, and important personal, family and societal effects. The early and accurate detection of signs related to depression could have many benefits for both clinicians and affected individuals. The present work aimed at developing and clinically testing a methodology able to detect visual signs of depression and support clinician decisions.Several analysis pipelines were implemented, focusing on motion representation algorithms, including Local Curvelet Binary Patterns-Three Orthogonal Planes (LCBP-TOP), Local Curvelet Binary Patterns- Pairwise Orthogonal Planes (LCBP-POP), Landma…
Childhood Trauma increases suicidal behaviour in a treatment-resistant depression population: a FACE-DR report
2021
International audience; Objective: In addition to heredity, exposure to early-life adversity is an important predisposing risk factor of suicidal behaviour. Although the association between Childhood Trauma (CT) and suicide risk is well documented, interactions between CT and suicidal behaviour in Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) populations have received little coverage. This study aimed to evaluate i) association between CT and suicidal behaviour in a TRD population, and ii) the role of personality traits and impulsiveness as potential factors of mediation in these associations.Methods: Patients were recruited from a cohort of the French network of TRD expert centers. Depressive sympt…
Development of an imaging system dedicated to the acquisition analysis and multispectral characterisation of skin lesion
2011
Visual evaluation of cutaneous lesions is the analysis the most commonly performedby dermatologists. This diagnostic is mainly done by naked eye and is based on criterionsuch as the size, shape, symmetry but principally on colour of the lesions. However, thisanalysis is subjective because it depends on the practician experience and the acquisitionconditions. We propose in this dissertation (1) the development of a multispectralcamera specifically dedicated for dermatological use. This device is based on a filterwheel composed of interferential filters and a neural network-based algorithm, generatinga hyperspectral cube of cutaneous data. This setting combines advantage of both spectrophotom…
The ambivalent action of the anti-cancer agent 5-Fluorouracil on myeloid derived suppressor cells under control of docosahexaenoic acid : Role of NLR…
2018
A limitation to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) anti-cancer efficacy relies on the secretion of IL-1β by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) according to a previous pre-clinical report. The release of mature IL-1β originates from 5 FU mediated NLRP3 activation with increased caspase-1 activity in MDSC and sustains tumor growth recovery in 5 FU treated mice. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) belongs to omega-3 fatty acid family and harbors both anti cancer and anti inflammatory properties which might could improve 5 FU chemotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that DHA inhibits 5 FU induced IL 1β secretion produced by a MDSC cell line (MSC-2). In tumor-bearing mice treated with 5 FU, we showed that a DHA enrich…
Impact of diesel exposure on human health: the saga continues ….
2021
Evaluation of viticultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with grapevine
2021
Arbuscular mycorrhiza, a mutualistic symbiosis established between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), provides many ecosystem services such as improved soil structure, increased plant growth and nutrition, and improved tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, intensive agricultural practices and the use of phytosanitary products as for example herbicide and fungicides, have a strong impact on communities of soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as on biological mechanisms within the ecosystem. This thesis wotk is part of the European Biovine project supported by the European Commission through the CORE Organic Cofund. The aim of this rese…