Search results for "HYDROLYSIS"
showing 10 items of 632 documents
Hydrolysis of Phosphotriesters: A Theoretical Analysis of the Enzymatic and Solution Mechanisms
2012
A theoretical study on the alkaline hydrolysis of paraoxon, one of the most popular organophosphorus pesticides, in aqueous solution and in the active site of Pseudomonas diminuta phosphotriesterase (PTE) is presented. Simulations by means of hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) potentials show that the hydrolysis of paraoxon takes place through an A(N)D(N) or associative mechanism both in solution and in the active site of PTE. The results correctly reproduce the magnitude of the activation free energies and can be used to rationalize the observed kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for the hydrolysis of paraoxon in both media. Enzymatic hydrolysis of O,O-diethyl p-chlorophenyl …
Three New Triterpene Saponins from Two Species of Carpolobia
2002
Three new acetylated triterpene saponins 1-3 were isolated from the roots of Carpolobia alba and C. lutea. Their structures were established mainly by 2D NMR techniques as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylpresenegenin-28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-(3,4-di-O-acetyl)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylpresenegenin-28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-(3,4-di-O-acetyl)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylpresenegenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl…
The mechanism of hydrolysis of beta-glycerophosphate by kidney alkaline phosphatase.
1975
1. To identify the functional groups that are involved in the conversion of β-glycerophosphate by alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) from pig kidney, the kinetics of alkaline phosphatase were investigated in the pH range 6.6-10.3 at substrate concentrations of 3 μM-30 mM. From the plots of log ṼH+ against pH and log ṼH+/KH+m against pH one functional group with pK = 7.0 and two functional groups with pK = 9.1 were identified. These groups are involved in substrate binding. Another group with pK = 8.8 was found, which in its unprotonated form catalyses substrate conversion. 2. GSH inhibits the alkaline phosphatase reversibly and non-competitively by attacking the bound Zn(II). 3. The influenc…
Catalytic Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Lycoperdic Acid.
2020
A concise enantio- and stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-lycoperdic acid is presented. The stereochemical control is based on iminium-catalyzed Mukaiyama–Michael reaction and enamine-catalyzed organocatalytic α-chlorination steps. The amino group was introduced by azide displacement, affording the final stereochemistry of (+)-lycoperdic acid. Penultimate hydrogenation and hydrolysis afforded pure (+)-lycoperdic acid in seven steps from a known silyloxyfuran. peerReviewed
N-Benzyl Residues as the P1′ Substituents in Phosphorus-Containing Extended Transition State Analog Inhibitors of Metalloaminopeptidases
2020
Peptidyl enzyme inhibitors containing an internal aminomethylphosphinic bond system (P(O)(OH)-CH2-NH) can be termed extended transition state analogs by similarity to the corresponding phosphonamidates (P(O)(OH)-NH). Phosphonamidate pseudopeptides are broadly recognized as competitive mechanism-based inhibitors of metalloenzymes, mainly hydrolases. Their practical use is, however, limited by hydrolytic instability, which is particularly restricting for dipeptide analogs. Extension of phosphonamidates by addition of the methylene group produces a P-C-N system fully resistant in water conditions. In the current work, we present a versatile synthetic approach to such modified dipeptides, based…
Zur Acetylierung von Spironolacton, Canrenon und 2-Methylencanrenon
1995
Bei der Umsetzung der Titelverbindungen mit Acetanhydrid und Acetylchlorid werden das 3,5-Dien-3-yl-acetat 2, die isomeren 2,4,6- und 3,5,7-Trien-3-yl-acetate 3 und 4 sowie das 2,4,6,8(14)-Tetraen-3-yl-acetat 7 erhalten. Hydrolyse von 7 liefert das 2α-Methl-8,14-didehydro-canrenon (9). 7 und 9 wurden auf ihre Bindungsfahigkeit gegenuber Hormon-Rezeptoren sowie den Serumproteinen SHBG und CBG gepruft: Die Substanzen erwiesen sich als inaktiv. Acetylation of Spironolactone, Canrenone, and 2-Methylene Canrenone Reaction of the title compounds with acetic anhydride and acetyl chloride yields the 3,5-dien-3-yl acetate 2 the isomeric 2,4,6- and 3,5,7-trien-3-yl acetates 3 and 4 as well as the 2,4…
(o-Hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphonic acids: Synthesis and potentiometric determinations of their pKaValues
1993
(o-Hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphonic acids are readily obtained from o-(bromomethyl)- or o-(hydroxymethyl)phenols and trialkyl phosphites. Subsequent hydrolysis leads to the corresponding phosphonic acids. For a series of such compounds, the pKa values have been determined by potentiometry. Their dependence on additional substituents in the aromatic ring is discussed in terms of electronic and steric effects.
2-Methyl-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazoline
2011
The title compound, C15H14N2, was formed during the lithiation of 2-methylquinazoline with phenyllithium followed by hydrolysis of the intermediate lithium 2-methyl-4-phenyl-4H-quinazolin-3-ide. NMR spectra as well as single-crystal X-ray structural data indicate that the reaction product to have the same structure in chloroform solution as in the crystalline state. The phenyl substituent is twisted out of the plane of the 3,4-dihydroquinazoline ring system by 86.47 (7)°. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H...N interactions connect the molecules into infinite chains.
On the Reaction of 3-Bromo-2-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene 13C-Labeled at C-2 with 3-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline: A Preliminary Insight into a Nucleophilic Su…
1997
The results of the title reaction have furnished proofs against a rearrangement of the carbon-atom skeleton and for a nitro group shift in the relevant nucleophilic substitution.
Kti12, a PSTK-like tRNA dependent ATPase essential for tRNA modification by Elongator
2019
Abstract Posttranscriptional RNA modifications occur in all domains of life. Modifications of anticodon bases are of particular importance for ribosomal decoding and proteome homeostasis. The Elongator complex modifies uridines in the wobble position and is highly conserved in eukaryotes. Despite recent insights into Elongator's architecture, the structure and function of its regulatory factor Kti12 have remained elusive. Here, we present the crystal structure of Kti12′s nucleotide hydrolase domain trapped in a transition state of ATP hydrolysis. The structure reveals striking similarities to an O-phosphoseryl-tRNA kinase involved in the selenocysteine pathway. Both proteins employ similar …