Search results for "Hox"

Characterization of Polyorganosiloxane Nanoparticles in Aqueous Dispersion by Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation

2001

The advantages of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF-FFF) for the characterization of aqueous dispersions of spherical polyorganosiloxane nanoparticles are discussed. With AF-FFF it was possible to obtain information about the synthesis, which is based on the hydrolysis and condensation of alkylalkoxysilanes in aqueous dispersion, and the average size of the spherical nanoparticles in the complex mixture in the presence of excess surfactant. The results are compared to measurements performed with dynamic light scattering (DLS). The size of the nanoparticles increases as a function of the amount of added monomer. Particles with radii between 2 and 50 nm are observed. If only the …

Elastomeric Organosilicon Micronetworks

1997

Trifunctional methyltrimethoxysilane and bifunctional dimethyldimethoxysilane monomers were cocondensed in water in the presence of surfactant. Strictly spherical micronetworks of narrow size distribution were obtained for particle sizes 10 nm < R < 30 nm. By special “endcapping” reactions all reactive SiOH groups were removed quantitatively, and the resulting micronetworks become soluble in common organic solvents like toluene, THF, or chloroform. For contents of trifunctional monomer larger than 50 mol % the particles do not swell irrespective of the choice of the solvent, whereas for lower mole fractions of trimethoxysilane an increasing swelling ratio is observed. Below 2.5 mol % trifun…

Molecular and physiological characterization of in vivo Sulfamethoxazole response in Procambarus clark

2013

The abrogation of the HOXB7/PBX2 complex induces apoptosis in melanoma through the miR-221&222-c-FOS pathway.

2013

Cutaneous melanoma is the fastest increasing cancer worldwide. Although several molecular abnormalities have been associated with melanoma progression, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown and few targeted therapies are under evaluation. Here we show that the HOXB7/PBX2 dimer acts as a positive transcriptional regulator of the oncogenic microRNA-221 and -222. In addition, demonstrating c-FOS as a direct target of miR-221&222, we identify a HOXB7/PBX2→miR-221&222 →c-FOS regulatory link, whereby the abrogation of functional HOXB7/PBX2 dimers leads to reduced miR-221&222 transcription and elevated c-FOS expression with consequent cell death. Taking advantage of the treatment wit…

GH successful treatment in a female with a de novo 46,XX,add(X)(p36),t(X;Y)(p36.3;p11.2), growth impairment and SHOX-haploinsufficiency

2019

Abstract Children with chromosome translocations, concerning X chromosome, have a genetic pattern different from Turner syndrome; however, when a translocation involves the of part of X chromosome including short stature homeobox-containing Sex-determining Region Y gene, growth may be severely compromised. We describe the clinical case of a 2.2-year-old-female, arrived at our paediatric unit for a decrease of height velocity. The karyotype was 46,XX,add(X)(p36.3). Array comparative genomic hybridization showed a fragment of Y chromosome, extended from 8.803.981 (Yp11.2) to 28.767.604 (Yq11.23). The final karyotype was 46,XX,add(X)(p36),t(X;Y)(p36.3;p11.2). Fluorescence in situ Hybridization…

Effect of Injectable or Inhalational Anesthetics and of Neuroleptic, Neuroleptanalgesic, and Sedative Agents on Tumor Blood Flow

1988

Among other parameters, varying blood flow values may be responsible for tumor-to-tumor variabilities in the radiobiologically hypoxic cell fraction of experimental rodent tumors. To test whether changes in tumor blood flow may be caused by anesthetic agents often used in radiobiology, the effect of injectable and inhalational anesthetics and of neuroleptic, neuroleptanalgesic, and sedative agents on blood flow in subcutaneous DS-carcinosarcomas implanted in Sprague-Dawley rats has been investigated using the 85Kr clearance technique. In conscious rats, 20-100 min after animal instrumentation mean blood flow is 0.62 +/- 0.17 ml/g/min (mean +/- SD) in 0.75 +/- 0.15 g tumors at a mean arteria…

Kinetic study of methoxide-promoted elimination reactions of some 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(phenyl-substituted)ethanes

2001

The methoxide-promoted elimination reaction of some 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(phenyl-substituted)ethanes (1) was investigated. The ortho-substituted derivatives were found to be less reactive than the corresponding ortho-unsubstituted derivatives, irrespective of the nature of their substituent. The reactivity data were correlated with the 13C NMR chemical shift values of C-β of either 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(phenyl-substituted)ethanes or 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(phenyl-substituted)ethenes and the better result was obtained for the former correlation. Activation parameters for the methoxide-promoted elimination of 1 show very similar values for ortho-substituted derivatives. The total data set se…

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate with supercritical carbon dioxide: characterization of a key organotin oxide intermediate

2006

The direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using carbon dioxide as solvent and reagent for its fixation to methanol was explored with din-butyldimethoxystannane in order to get insight into the reaction mechanism for activity improvement. Catalytic runs including recycling experiments allowed isolation and characterization by NMR, IR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction of a new tin complex containing 10 tin atoms. This compound could be prepared independently and is considered as a resting species. The yield of DMC is highest under 20 MPa pressure that fits with a monophasic supercritical medium in agreement with fluid phase equilibria calculations. In line, preliminary kinetics and…

Disordered sodium alkoxides from powder data: crystal structures of sodium ethoxide, propoxide, butoxide and pentoxide, and some of their solvates

2021

The crystal structures of NaOEt, NaOPr, NaOBu and NaOAm (Am = amyl = pentyl) were determined from powder data. These compounds crystallize in an anti-PbO structure in the space groups P 21 m and P4/nmm. Additionally, solvates with the composition NaOEt·2EtOH, NaOPr·2PrOH, NaOiPr·5iPrOH and NaOtAm·tAmOH were synthesized, and their structures were determined from single crystals. They form interesting chain structures of different compositions and topologies.

More accuracy to the EROD measurements—The resorufin fluorescence differs between species and individuals

2012

Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity is a biomarker of exposure to planar aromatic hydrocarbons, and it is often measured from the S9 fraction. The effect of the liver S9 fraction of seven boreal freshwater fish species on the fluorescence of resorufin was studied. The S9 fractions diminished resorufin fluorescence by 40–80%, and there were large differences between species. Thus, using a resorufin standard curve without the S9 fraction leads to a large underestimation of the EROD activity. Therefore a microwell plate EROD method was developed that takes into account the effect of each sample on resorufin fluorescence. At least two mechanisms were involved in the decrease of the flu…