Search results for "Humor"
showing 10 items of 220 documents
Immunodefense in Tunicates: Cells and Molecules
2001
There are several reasons for analyzing tunicate immune systems. First, they can be established as primitive models for understanding fundamental immunological mechanisms by analyzing their individual cells and molecular products either in vivo or in vitro. Discovered mechanisms could provide alternatives to traditional (vertebrate) mammalian (mouse, rat) and emerging models (fish, amphibian reptile) in answering basic questions concerning immunity and disease in protochordates, the ancestors of vertebrates. Second in vitro, biochemical, immunochemical, and serological analyses coupled with molecular approaches are useful as we search for common molecules (e.g. markers of lymphocyte-like ce…
The T-cell response in patients with cancer
2002
Publisher Summary The chapter examines several methods to measure human T-cell responses, including ELISPOT analysis, intracellular cytokine staining of immune cells after antigenic stimulation, limiting dilution analysis, conventional cloning, and molecular definition of the T-cell response either in the peripheral circulation or in situ in patients with cancer The chapter presents the cellular immune response in patients with cancer. The chapter explores the recent studies that suggest humoral immunity and T-cell-mediated immunity are closely linked. In addition, most of the data concerning antitumor immune responses have been generated using MHC class I tetramer reagents. The ultimate go…
Mast cells enhance proliferation of B lymphocytes and drive their differentiation toward IgA-secreting plasma cells.
2010
AbstractThe evidence of a tight spatial interaction between mast cells (MCs) and B lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs, along with the data regarding the abundance of MCs in several B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders prompted us to investigate whether MCs could affect the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. To this aim, we performed coculture assays using mouse splenic B cells and bone marrow–derived MCs. Both nonsensitized and activated MCs proved able to induce a significant inhibition of cell death and an increase in proliferation of naive B cells. Such proliferation was further enhanced in activated B cells. This effect relied on cell-cell contact and MC-derived interle…
Mechanisms underlying lineage commitment and plasticity of human γδ T cells.
2012
Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity are the hallmarks of effector and memory T cells. Upon antigen stimulation, γδ T cells differentiate into two major types of memory T cells: central memory cells, which patrol the blood and secondary lymphoid organs, and effector memory cells, which migrate to peripheral tissues. γδ T cells display in vitro a certain degree of plasticity in their function that is reminiscent of that which is observed in conventional CD4 T cells. Similar to CD4 T cells, in which a plethora of specialized subsets affect the host response, γδ T cells may readily and rapidly assume distinct Th1-, Th2-, Th17-, T(FH) and T regulatory-like effector functions, suggesting that…
Update on topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
2001
Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a novel addition to the armamentarium of medical glaucoma treatment; dorzolamide has been available since 1995 and brinzolamide since 1998. They lower intraocular pressure by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, a key enzyme for aqueous humor formation. Intraocular pressure-lowering activity of the substances appears to be the same and is similar to that of most other agents, but it does not reach the activity of the unselective beta-blocker timolol or the prostaglandin latanoprost. On concomitant treatment, additivity is reached with all other topical agents. A possible improvement of blood flow may offer an additional benefit, but its significance for t…
Parody in art from the sixties to our times
2014
The word parody has been coined during classical antiquity and has since been considered mostly as a literary genre or figure. Nevertheless, numerous plastic artists are making use of its forms, processes and connotations. During the 1960s decade, the advent of consumerism and its effects on the work of art duplicability gave a new rise to parody. Reproducibility allowed the transformation of history of arts into a vast repertoire in which one may draw to create from and thus, offered a fertile ground for parodic creation. This study focuses on understanding why and how such a wide range of artists are taking advantage of parody for personal or contextual ends from the 1960s to nowadays. Th…
El evidencial con humor entra. Acerca de su uso en los monólogos humorísticos
2017
Este artículo analiza la función de los evidenciales en los monólogos humorísticos y, más concretamente, en los de Andreu Buenafuente producidos entre 2007 y 2011 (203 monólogos). Partiendo de una concepción funcional y semántica de la evidencialidad, se proponen las siguientes hipótesis: el género determina las funciones pragmáticas de la evidencialidad; los evidenciales se integran en la estructura expositiva-argumentativa del monólogo; teniendo en cuenta su papel estructural, se pueden distinguir diversas estrategias de evidencialidad: y los evidenciales actúan como marcas humorísticas. Se presenta un análisis tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo de los elementos según, según dicen, dicen…
Characterizing the Invasive Tumor Front of Aggressive Uterine Adenocarcinoma and Leiomyosarcoma
2021
The invasive tumor front (the tumor–host interface) is vitally important in malignant cell progression and metastasis. Tumor cell interactions with resident and infiltrating host cells and with the surrounding extracellular matrix and secreted factors ultimately determine the fate of the tumor. Herein we focus on the invasive tumor front, making an in-depth characterization of reticular fiber scaffolding, infiltrating immune cells, gene expression, and epigenetic profiles of classified aggressive primary uterine adenocarcinomas (24 patients) and leiomyosarcomas (11 patients). Sections of formalin-fixed samples before and after microdissection were scanned and studied. Reticular fiber archit…
La interacción de los códigos en doblaje: juegos de palabras y restricciones visuales
2012
El siguiente artículo profundiza en la complejidad del trasvase del humor, basándose en un problema recurrente en el doblaje de comedias: los juegos de palabras transmitidos parcialmente a través de la imagen. El estudio analiza los factores que inciden en su traducción e ilustra las distintas técnicas de traducción con escenas de la filmografía de los Hermanos Marx. Finalmente, muestra las conclusiones obtenidas a partir del análisis del doblaje de 74 juegos de palabras con restricción visual y su comparación con 116 casos en los que no hay dicha restricción. The following paper delves into the complex transfer of humour, focusing on a recurring problem that appears when dubbing comedies: …
„Vojna není kojná”, czyli koszarowy humor w warunkach totalitaryzmu
2020
Artykuł prezentuje językowe sposoby osiągania efektu komicznego przez Miloslava Švandrlíka w powieści humorystycznej Černí baroni. Są to m.in. łączenie elementów z różnych odmian języka czeskiego (spisovná čeština, obecná čeština,gwary) lub czeszczyzny i języka słowackiego, wprowadzanie wulgaryzmów, słownictwa ska to logiczne go i inwektyw do języka propagandy totalitarnej, kontrast formy i treści, paralelizm składniowy. Podkreślone zostają istotne funkcje społeczne śmiechu jako reakcji na humor szczególnie w trudnym czasie życia społecznego, jakim był okres komunistyczny, np.: terapeutyczna, integracyjna i separująca.