Search results for "Infectious"
showing 10 items of 2953 documents
Ex vivoevidence for PGE2and LTB4involvement in cutaneous leishmaniasis: relation with infection status and cytokine production
1996
SUMMARYEx vivoculture of spleen cells from BALB/c mice infected with 2 × 106Leishmania major(L.major) promastigotes were cultured with ConcanavalinA (ConA) or leishmanial antigen (L. Ag) and tested for prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and for leukotriene B4(LTB4), in order to study their involvement in the evolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the connexion with lymphokine-mediated responses. The data were compared with those obtained in BALB/c mice protected againstL. majorby sublethal irradiation (550 rad; cured mice). In the unprotected BALB/c mice the levels of PGE2that were responsible for the depression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) Th1-associated cytokines and …
Immune Modulating Effects of NKT Cells in a Physiologically Low Dose Leishmania major Infection Model after αGalCer Analog PBS57 Stimulation
2014
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection affecting ∼12 million people worldwide, mostly in developing countries. Treatment options are limited and no effective vaccines exist to date. Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are a conserved innate-like lymphocyte population with immunomodulating effects in various settings. A number of reports state a role of NKT cells in different models of Leishmania infection. Here, we investigated the effect of NKT cells in a physiologically relevant, intradermal low dose infection model. After inoculation of 103 infectious-stage L. major, comparable numbers of skin-immigrating NKT cells in both susceptible BALB/c mice and resistant C57BL/6 mice were noted. Compared …
A protective role for interleukin 18 in interferon γ-mediated innate immunity to Cryptosporidium parvum that is independent of natural killer cells.
2012
Innate immunity against some intracellular parasitic protozoa involves interleukin 18 (IL-18)-mediated interferon γ (IFN-γ) production by natural killer (NK) cells, but the role of IL-18 in innate resistance to Cryptosporidium infection is unknown. Adult Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice that lack NK cells, T cells, and B cells demonstrated resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection that was IFN-γ dependent. Treatment with anti-IL-18-neutralizing antibodies resulted in loss of resistance correlating with reduced intestinal IFN-γ expression. Intestinal mature IL-18 expression increased in vivo during infection and also in the intestinal epithelial cell line CMT-93 following combined IFN-γ treatment/…
Monophosphoryl lipid A coating of hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules drastically increases uptake and maturation by dendritic cells while minimizing th…
2015
Enhancing delivery of antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) is essential for the induction of vigorous antigen-specific cellular immune responses. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the properties of hydroxyethyl starch nanocapsules (HES-NCs) functionalized with anti-CD40, anti-DEC205, interferon-γ (IFNγ) and/or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) with respect to the overall uptake, the released cytokine profile, and the influence on phenotypic maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. NC uptake by DCs was significantly enhanced by functionalizing NCs with anti-CD40 or MPLA. With respect to the cytokine profile and…
Is COVID‐19 infection more severe in kidney transplant recipients?
2021
International audience; There are no studies which have compared the risk of severe Covid-19 and related mortality between transplant recipients and non-transplant patients. We enrolled two groups of patients hospitalized for Covid-19, i.e., kidney transplant recipients from the French Registry of Solid Organ Transplant (n=306) and a single-center cohort of non-transplant patients (n=795). An analysis was performed among subgroups matched for age and risk factors for severe Covid-19 or mortality. Severe Covid-19 was defined as admission (or transfer) to an intensive care unit, need for mechanical ventilation, or death.Transplant recipients were younger and had more comorbidities compared to…
Impact du climat sur la santé : modélisation régionale des poussières pour les épidémies de méningites au Sahel.
2014
6 pages; International audience; Les épidémies des méningites bactériennes constituent encore à l’heure actuelle un problème de santé publiquemajeur en Afrique de l’Ouest. Chaque année, au coeur de la saison sèche (de janvier à mars), 25 000 à 250 000 cas sontenregistrés par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) dans la zone latitudinale 10-15°N, plus communément appelée« ceinture de la méningite ». L’importance des facteurs sociétaux dans l’expansion des épidémies est indéniable. Cependant,une série d’études récentes a permis de mettre en lumière le rôle important du climat. Ainsi, l’intensité des épidémies sembleliée à des conditions de circulation atmosphérique spécifiques quelques m…
Dairy calcium intake and lifestyle risk factors for bone loss in hiv-infected and uninfected mediterranean subjects
2012
Abstract Background Despite the reported high prevalence of osteoporosis in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-population, there have been no previous studies examining dairy calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-subjects. We assessed the prevalence of low BMD in HIV-infected and uninfected subjects and analyzed the effects of calcium intake, lifestyle and HIV-related risk factors on BMD. Methods One hundred and twelve HIV-infected subjects were consecutively enrolled. Seventy- six HIV-uninfected subjects matched for age and sex were enrolled as the control group. The HIV-subjects were interviewed about lifestyle habits and completed a weekly food-frequency questionnaire …
Patterns of trunk spine growth in two congeneric species of acanthocephalan: investment in attachment may differ between sexes and species.
2012
SUMMARYAcanthocephalans have evolved a hooked proboscis and some taxa have trunk spines to attach to their definitive hosts. These structures are generated before being used, thus a key question is how investment in attachment could optimally be allocated through the ontogeny. The number and arrangement of hooks and spines are never modified in the definitive host, but it is unclear whether these structures grow during adult development. A comparison of the size of trunk spines between cystacanths and adults of Corynosoma cetaceum and C. australe indicated that spines grow in both species, but only in females, which also had significantly larger spines than males. This sexual dimorphism did…
Update on intravitreal anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapies for ocular disorders
2014
Abstract Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with a variety of ocular diseases. The currently available TNF-? inhibitors are etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and certolizumab. Experimental and clinical studies on the intravitreal use of these agents have been reported with etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab: etanercept has shown limited efficacy in scarce reports; infliximab has been associated with local safety concerns but appears to benefit certain cases; adalimumab has shown no efficacy in cases of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic macular edema (DME), but the combination with bevacizumab may be effe…
Identification of the Yersinia enterocolitica urease beta subunit as a target antigen for human synovial T lymphocytes in reactive arthritis.
1993
The local T-cell response to bacterial antigens is involved in the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis (ReA). Here, we have identified a 19-kDa antigen of Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 recognized by Yersinia-specific synovial fluid CD4+ T cells in two patients with Yersinia-induced ReA. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of this protein revealed that it was identical to the 19-kDa urease beta subunit of Y. enterocolitica O:9. This protein has previously been shown to be arthritogenic in preimmunized rats after intra-articular injection. Analysis of the T-cell response to this protein showed that it contains several T-cell epitopes, one of which cross-reacts with other enterobacteria not able to …