Search results for "Isotonic"

Age-related decreases in motor unit discharge rate and force control during isometric plantar flexion.

2012

Aging is related to multiple changes in muscle physiology and function. Previous findings concerning the effects of aging on motor unit discharge rate (DR) and fluctuations in DR and force are somewhat contradictory. Eight YOUNG and nine OLD physically active males performed isometric ramp (RECR) and isotonic (ISO) plantar flexions at 10 and 20% of surface EMG at MVC. Motor unit (MU) action potentials were recorded with intramuscular fine-wire electrodes and decomposed with custom build software "Daisy". DR was lower in OLD in RECR-10% (17.9%, p0.001), RECR-20% (15.8%, p0.05), ISO-10% (17.7%, p0.01) and ISO-20% (14%, n.s.). In YOUNG force fluctuations were smaller at ISO-10% (72.1%, p0.001)…

Gender variations of body composition, muscle strength and power output in morbid obesity

2005

BACKGROUND: Motor capabilities are reduced in obese (OB) individuals, and this impairment may result also from quantitative variation of muscle mass due to alterations in body composition. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the differences in body mass (BM) and composition, as well as in muscle strength (ST) and power output W(.) between OB and NW males and females, and to test the hypothesis that variations in body composition affect muscle performance in OB subjects. DESIGN AND METHODS: Body composition (determined by BIA with a two-compartment model), upper and lower limb maximum ST (evaluated with isotonic machines) and lower limb maximum anaerobic W(.) (measured with a jumping test…

Neuromuscular fatigue induced by an isotonic heavy-resistance loading protocol in knee extensors.

2009

Abstract The main aim of this study was to assess neuromuscular fatigue during a typical high-load, low-repetition loading protocol. Muscle stimulations were used to assess maximum voluntary contraction, resting single- and double-pulse twitch characteristics, and superimposed double-pulse twitch force (used to calculate voluntary activation) before and after an acute knee extension loading protocol. In our participants, who had previous resistance training experience, the mean voluntary activation level was 96.2% in an unfatigued state. Maximum voluntary contraction (−11.8%), resting double-pulse twitch force (−10.6%), and voluntary activation (−2.1%) were markedly decreased as a consequen…

Forty-slice MDCT enteroclysis: evaluation after oral administration of isotonic solution in Crohn's disease.

2007

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) enteroclysis after oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution in detecting bowel wall alterations in patients with Crohn’s disease. Materials and methods. Twenty-eight patients with a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease established by ileocolonoscopy and histology were enrolled in the study; 15 patients with negative ileocolonoscopy served as controls. In all cases, MDCT enteroclysis was performed after oral administration of 2,000 ml of isotonic solution and intravenous administration of N-butylscopolamine. Axial, isotropic multiplanar and volume-rendered reconstructions were used to evaluate…

Effect of divalent cations on KCl- and noradrenaline-induced contractile responses in rat aorta after nifedipine treatment.

1999

Abstract Nifedipine (1 μM) relaxed the sustained contractile responses induced by 1 μM noradrenaline or 60 mM KCl in rat aortic strips. After washing, a second addition of the spasmogens gave smaller tonic contractions than the first one. Even more, a third addition of KCl also gave a smaller contraction than the first one, but a complete recovery of the contractile response to noradrenaline was obtained by a third addition of this agonist. Application of cumulative amounts of Ca2+ or Ba2+ (2.4–24 mM) on the residual contraction in response to these agents after nifedipine treatment, but in the absence of the blocker, restored the magnitude of the contractile responses. Addition of cumulati…

Salso-bromo-iodine thermal water: a nonpharmacological alternative treatment for postnasal drip-related cough in children with upper respiratory trac…

2018

Postnasal drip (PND)-related cough is a very common symptom in patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTis). At present, there is not a standard treatment for postnasal drip and postnasal drip-related cough. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of a specific salso-bromoiodine thermal water containing hyaluronic acid and grapefruit seed extract (SBI-H-GSE) comparing it with a normal saline solution in children with URTis who refer PND-related symptoms. The study was randomized, single-blind, and controlled. Study group (75 children) was treated with SBI-HGSE and control group (65 children) was treated with a normal saline solution; both compounds were administ…

Isotonic regression for metallic microstructure data: estimation and testing under order restrictions

2021

Investigating the main determinants of the mechanical performance of metals is not a simple task. Already known physical inspired qualitative relations between 2D microstructure characteristics and 3D mechanical properties can act as the starting point of the investigation. Isotonic regression allows to take into account ordering relations and leads to more efficient and accurate results when the underlying assumptions actually hold. The main goal in this paper is to test order relations in a model inspired by a materials science application. The statistical estimation procedure is described considering three different scenarios according to the knowledge of the variances: known variance ra…

Crystalloids and hydroxyethyl starches in noncardiac surgical patients

2016

A randomized multicenter study comparing seawater washes and carmellose artificial tears eyedrops in the treatment of dry eye syndrome.

2019

Purpose To investigate the safety and efficacy of sterile isotonic seawater washes vs standard treatment with carmellose artificial tears in dry eye syndrome (DES). Patients and methods This is a randomized multicenter prospective study with 12 weeks of follow-up. A group of patients with DES (N=60) were treated with seawater spray (Quinton®) five times daily, and another similar group (N=60) were treated with carmellose artificial tears eyedrops (Viscofresh® 0.5%) five times a day. The parameters studied and measured were as follows: Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire score, Schirmer I test (without anesthesia) score, tear osmolarity (TearLab®), tear breakup time, tear meniscus hei…

Lagrangian dynamics and possible isochronous behavior in several classes of non-linear second order oscillators via the use of Jacobi last multiplier

2015

Abstract In this paper, we employ the technique of Jacobi Last Multiplier (JLM) to derive Lagrangians for several important and topical classes of non-linear second-order oscillators, including systems with variable and parametric dissipation, a generalized anharmonic oscillator, and a generalized Lane–Emden equation. For several of these systems, it is very difficult to obtain the Lagrangians directly, i.e., by solving the inverse problem of matching the Euler–Lagrange equations to the actual oscillator equation. In order to facilitate the derivation of exact solutions, and also investigate possible isochronous behavior in the analyzed systems, we next invoke some recent theoretical result…