Search results for "Isotropy"

showing 10 items of 1099 documents

Characterizing microstructural tissue properties in multiple sclerosis with diffusion MRI at 7 T and 3 T: The impact of the experimental design

2019

The recent introduction of advanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques to characterize focal and global degeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS), like the Composite Hindered and Restricted Model of Diffusion, or CHARMED, diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) made available new tools to image axonal pathology non-invasively in vivo. These methods already showed greater sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional diffusion tensor-based metrics (e.g., fractional anisotropy), overcoming some of its limitations. While previous studies uncovered global and focal axonal degeneration in MS patients compared to healthy contr…

0301 basic medicineTime FactorsUltra-high field MRIAxonal pathologyCohort Studies0302 clinical medicineNuclear magnetic resonancemethods [Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging]MicrostructureNODDImedicine.diagnostic_testGeneral NeuroscienceWATER DIFFUSIONmedicine.anatomical_structureResearch DesignKurtosisMulti-shell diffusion MRIAxonal degenerationWHITE-MATTERTENSORAdultMaterials sciencetherapy [Multiple Sclerosis]Sensitivity and SpecificityWhite matterMultiple sclerosis03 medical and health sciencesFractional anisotropyImage Interpretation Computer-Assistedmedicinediagnostic imaging [Nerve Degeneration]Journal ArticleHumansddc:610OPTIMIZATIONMultiple sclerosisinstrumentation [Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging]diagnostic imaging [Multiple Sclerosis]Magnetic resonance imagingQUANTIFICATIONmedicine.diseaseMODELPATHOLOGYDiffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging030104 developmental biologyRESOLUTIONDENSITYNerve Degeneration030217 neurology & neurosurgeryDiffusion MRI
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Corticospinal Tract Integrity and Long-Term Hand Function Prognosis in Patients With Stroke

2019

Background: The restoration of hand function is an important goal for patients with stroke. This study investigated the relationship between corticospinal tract (CST) integrity and the functional status of the hand in patients with stroke 6 months after onset and evaluated which of the following values would be useful for predicting hand function: fiber number (FN), fractional anisotropy (FA) at the mid-pons, and FA at the pontomedullary junction. Methods: The present retrospective cross-sectional observational study assessed 44 patients with stroke who were able to walk without using a walking aid or orthosis. The final hand function results were classified into three groups: no recovery (…

030506 rehabilitationmedicine.medical_specialtycorticospinal tractlcsh:RC346-42903 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineFull recoveryInternal medicineFractional anisotropymedicineIn patienthand functionChronic strokeStrokelcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemOriginal Researchstroke rehabilitationHand functionbusiness.industrymedicine.diseasediffusion tensor imagingstrokeNeurologyCorticospinal tractCardiologyNeurology (clinical)prognosis0305 other medical sciencebusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryDiffusion MRIFrontiers in Neurology
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Angular Trapping of Anisometric Nano-Objects in a Fluid

2012

We demonstrate the ability to trap, levitate, and orient single anisometric nanoscale objects with high angular precision in a fluid. An electrostatic fluidic trap confines a spherical object at a spatial location defined by the minimum of the electrostatic system free energy. For an anisometric object and a potential well lacking angular symmetry, the system free energy can further strongly depend on the object's orientation in the trap. Engineering the morphology of the trap thus enables precise spatial and angular confinement of a single levitating nano-object, and the process can be massively parallelized. Since the physics of the trap depends strongly on the surface charge of the objec…

10120 Department of ChemistryOptics and Photonics3104 Condensed Matter PhysicsSilverMaterials scienceMacromolecular SubstancesSurface PropertiesStatic Electricity2210 Mechanical EngineeringMetal Nanoparticles1600 General ChemistryBioengineeringTrap (computing)OpticsOrientation (geometry)540 ChemistryNano-ElectrochemistryNanotechnologyScattering RadiationGeneral Materials ScienceFluidicsSurface chargeParticle Size1502 Bioengineeringbusiness.industryPhysicsMechanical EngineeringElectrostatic unitsDNAGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter Physics2500 General Materials ScienceSymmetry (physics)KineticsHydrodynamicsLevitationAnisotropybusinessNano Letters
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A Multilayered Plate Theory with Transverse Shear and Normal Warping Functions

2016

A multilayered plate theory which takes into account transverse shear and normal stretching is presented. The theory is based on a seven-unknowns kinematic field with five warping functions. Four warping functions are related to the transverse shear behaviour, the fifth is related to the normal stretching. The warping functions are issued from exact three-dimensional solutions. They are related to the variations of transverse shear and normal stresses computed at specific points for a simply supported bending problem. Reddy, Cho-Parmerter and (a modified version of) Beakou-Touratier theories have been retained for comparisons. Extended versions of these theories, able to manage the normal s…

74K20 (Primary) 74Q99 (Secondary)Materials science[SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics][ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/MaterialsFOS: Physical sciencesPhysics - Classical PhysicsStatics02 engineering and technologySandwich panelBendingOrthotropic materialVibrationShellsdeformation-theory[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]Laminated composite0203 mechanical engineeringComposite plateComposite plates[ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics]Image warpingLaminateComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSCivil and Structural EngineeringHigher-order theorybusiness.industryMathematical analysisIsotropyClassical Physics (physics.class-ph)Warping functionBending of platesStructural engineering021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology020303 mechanical engineering & transportsFormulationPlate theoryCeramics and CompositesPlate theorySandwich0210 nano-technologybusinessNormal stretchingFinite-elements
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Characterizing the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions at the LHC with mean transverse momentum and anisotropic flow correlations

2022

Physics letters / B 834, 137393 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137393

:Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP]heavy ion: scatteringNuclear Experiment; Nuclear Experiment; High Energy Physics - Experimenthiukkasfysiikkanucl-exElliptic-flowHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)ALICE5020: 5440 GeV-cms/nucleon[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]Quark-gluon plasma elliptic flow Pb collisionsNuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)Nuclear ExperimentViscosityelliptic flowQuark-gluon plasmaheavy ion: scattering ; flow: anisotropy ; gluon: saturation ; correlation: higher-order ; initial state ; transverse momentum ; ALICE ; boundary condition ; CERN LHC Coll ; hydrodynamics ; color glass condensate ; numerical calculations ; experimental results ; 5020: 5440 GeV-cms/nucleonflow: anisotropyHigh Energy Heavy Ion Collisions:Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP]CERN LHC CollPerspectiveydinfysiikkahigher-order [correlation]Particle Physics - Experimentanisotropy [flow]Nuclear and High Energy PhysicsEvolutionFOS: Physical sciencesPb collisionstransverse momentum[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]114 Physical sciences530scattering [heavy ion]Nuclear Physics - Experimentddc:530saturation [gluon]numerical calculationsinitial statehep-exkvarkki-gluoniplasmaheavy-ion collisions nuclear physics correlations LHCcorrelation: higher-orderboundary condition5440 GeV-cms/nucleon [5020]hydrodynamicsgluon: saturationcolor glass condensateexperimental results
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Multiple scattering approach for two-electron resonant emission studied by angle-resolved coincidence spectroscopy.

2008

International audience; We have developed a generalization of the multiple-scattering formalism to deal with Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy APECS in the solid state. We have merged the exact atomic treatment of the angular correlations between the two electrons and the single-particle approach, on which the multiplescattering description of condensed matter relies. This allows the recovering, even in extended systems, of the entangled form of the electron-pair wave function characterizing the coincidence angular diffraction pattern. In the atomic limit our formalism correctly reproduces the cross section, as calculated within the statistical-tensors approach, usually employed …

ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTUREPhysicsDiffraction[PHYS]Physics [physics]ScatteringSolid-state02 engineering and technologyElectron021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter Physics01 natural sciencesCoincidenceElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materials0103 physical sciencesPHOTOELECTRONELECTRONAtomic physics010306 general physics0210 nano-technologySpectroscopyAnisotropyWave functionPACS 79.60.Bm
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Anisotropy and chemical composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays using arrival directions measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

2011

The Pierre Auger Collaboration has reported evidence for anisotropy in the distribution of arrival directions of the cosmic rays with energies $E>E_{th}=5.5\times 10^{19}$ eV. These show a correlation with the distribution of nearby extragalactic objects, including an apparent excess around the direction of Centaurus A. If the particles responsible for these excesses at $E>E_{th}$ are heavy nuclei with charge $Z$, the proton component of the sources should lead to excesses in the same regions at energies $E/Z$. We here report the lack of anisotropies in these directions at energies above $E_{th}/Z$ (for illustrative values of $Z=6,\ 13,\ 26$). If the anisotropies above $E_{th}$ are du…

ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE]ProtonAstronomyAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFOS: Physical sciencescosmic ray experimentAcceleration (differential geometry)Cosmic rayultra high energy cosmic rays; cosmic ray experimentsultra high energy cosmic rays7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesultra high energy cosmic rayAugerNuclear physics0103 physical sciencesUltra-high-energy cosmic ray010306 general physicsAnisotropyNuclear ExperimentDETECTORHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)PhysicsPierre Auger ObservatorySPECTRUM010308 nuclear & particles physicsPhysics[SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE]FísicaCharge (physics)Astronomy and Astrophysics13. Climate actionExperimental High Energy PhysicsComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSINGFísica nuclearcosmic ray experimentsAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
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Ferromagnetic coupled μ-phenoxo-μ-carboxylato heterodinuclear complexes based on the Cr(salen) moiety: Structural and magnetic characterization

2009

The synthesis, crystal structure, and magneto-chemical characterization of two new unprecedented μ-phenoxo-μ-carboxylato heterodinuclear complexes based on the Cr(salen) moiety (salen = N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine), [MII(O2C(CH3)3)(OH2)2(μ-O2C(CH3)3)(μ-salen)CrIII(O2C(CH3)3)], M = Ni (2), Co(3) are reported. The dinuclear complexes were obtained starting from the mononuclear trans-[Cr(salen)(CN)2]PPh4 (1), whose crystal structure is also reported. They show a trans arrangement of the Cr(salen) unit, bridging through the phenolate O atoms to a second metal center. An additional μ2-O2-carboxylato bridge and a further monodentating carboxylate ligand complete the roughly octahedral C…

ANISOTROPYCoordination sphereChemistryOtras Ciencias QuímicasExchange interactionCiencias QuímicasEthylenediamineCrystal structureSINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETSInorganic ChemistryMagnetizationCrystallographychemistry.chemical_compoundCOBALT(II) COMPLEXESOctahedronFerromagnetismCarboxylatePIVALATE COMPLEXESCIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
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A five-coordinate manganese(iii) complex of a salen type ligand with a positive axial anisotropy parameter D.

2017

A new high-spin d4 roughly trigonal–bipyramidal (TBP) manganese(III) complex with a salen type ligand (H2L), namely MnL(NCS)·0.4H2O, has been synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, ESI mass spectrometry, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, and spectroelectrochemistry. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed an axial compression of the approximate TBP. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility and variable-temperature variable-field (VTVH) magnetisation measurements, as well as high-frequency and -field EPR (HFEPR) spectroscopy, were used to accurately describe the magnetic properties of this complex and, in particular, determine the spin Hamiltonian parameters: g-values and the zero-f…

Absorption spectroscopy010405 organic chemistryAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementManganese010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesMagnetic susceptibilitySpectral line0104 chemical scienceslaw.inventionInorganic ChemistryMagnetizationchemistrylawPhysical chemistryElectron paramagnetic resonanceAnisotropySpectroscopyDalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
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Carbon-13 chemical shifts of bicyclic compounds

1970

13C NMR absorption spectra of 50 bicyclic hydrocarbons, alcohols and ketones have been measured, in addition to some terpenes. The 13C chemical shifts are approximately additive for similar compounds and can be used for the determination of molecular structure; they differ for endo- and exo-isomers, just as in proton spectra. These quite regular and predictable 13C shift differences are much larger and are caused by the 1,4-nonbonded interaction between atoms heavier than hydrogen, not by magnetic anisotropy effects.

Absorption spectroscopyBicyclic moleculeHydrogenChemistryChemical shiftCarbon-13chemistry.chemical_elementGeneral ChemistryCarbon-13 NMRMagnetic anisotropyComputational chemistryOrganic chemistryMoleculeGeneral Materials ScienceOrganic Magnetic Resonance
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