Search results for "LEVEL"
showing 10 items of 3465 documents
[Mortality and life expectancy trends for male pensioners by pension income level]
2020
We draw on the Continuous Sample of Working Lives (CSWL) to investigate the differences in socioeconomic mortality among retired men aged 65 and above, over the longest possible period covered by this data source: 2005–2018. This paper deals with the case of Spain, since very little evidence concerning retirement pensioners is available for this country. The only indicator of socioeconomic status we use is the amount of the initial pension of the retired population. For 2005-2010 we find a gap in life expectancy of 1.49 years between pensioners in the highest and lowest income groups. This gap widens over time and reaches 2.58 years for the period 2015–2018. The increase in life expectancy …
Unified computing facility design based on open source software
2012
The article describes e-infrastructure development in Latvia and migration to national Cloud as regional partner facility (RPF) in European Union (EU). In Latvia many public and private Computing Clouds is in operation and problem is how to integrate these resources as one RPF and how to design one unified computing facility that is used for many different applications. The authors offer their solution at Cloud software as a Service and Hardware as a Service level which is based on usage of open source packaged bundles.
Repatriation of Debt in the Euro Crisis: Evidence for the Secondary Market Theory
2013
The Euro Crisis has marked a sharp inversion in the process of the European financial integration and, more specifically, a repatriation of countries' debt from foreign to domestic investors. Yet the drivers of the financial fragmentation remain unclear. This paper investigates the empirical patterns in light of competing theories of cross-border portfolio allocation. Three main empirical regularities stand out: i) the repatriation of debt occurred primarily in crisis countries; ii) the repatriation affected mainly public debt; iii) the public debt of crisis countries was reallocated to politically influential countries within the Euro Area. Standard theories of portfolio allocation and hom…
Public debt, money and consumer prices: a vector error correction model for Germany
2015
In the paper, the authors analyse the interaction between public debt and inflation including the mutual impulse response. The European sovereign debt crisis brought once again a focus onto the consequences of government debt in combination with an expansionary monetary policy for the development of consumer prices. Public deficits can lead to higher inflation rates if the money supply is expansionary. The high level of national debt, not only in the Euro-crisis countries, and the strong increase in the total assets of the European Central Bank, as a result of the unconventional monetary policy, have caused fears of inflating government debt. The transmission from public debt to inflation t…
Understanding Decision Support in Large-Scale Disasters: Challenges in Humanitarian Logistics Distribution
2017
Disasters are characterized by conflicting, uncertain, or lacking data. Nevertheless, humanitarian responders need to make rapid decisions. This is particularly true for the immediate response to a sudden onset disaster. Since most humanitarian decision support systems (DSS) make important assumptions on data availability and quality that are often not fulfilled in practice, decision-makers are largely left to their experience. In this paper, we identify three major challenges for an operational DSS to support distribution planning: (i) deep uncertainty; (ii) reflecting field conditions and constraints; and (iii) rapid humanitarian logistics modeling. We review the relevant theories and pro…
Inferring Decision Strategies from Clickstreams in Decision Support Systems: A New Process-Tracing Approach using State Machines
2011
The importance of online shopping has grown remarkably over the last decade. In 2009, every West European spent on average € 483 online and this amount is expected to grow to € 601 in 2014. In Germany, the number of online shoppers has almost doubled since 2000: 44% of all adults regularly buy products onlinetoday. In Western Europe, online sales reached € 68 billion in 2009 and Forrester research forecasts it will reach € 114 billion by 2014 with an 11% compound annual growth rate.
A Knowledge Based Decision Support System for Bioinformatics and System Biology
2011
In this paper, we present a new Decision Support System for Bioinformatics and System Biology issues. Our system is based on a Knowledge base, representing the expertise about the application domain, and a Reasoner. The Reasoner, consulting the Knowledge base and according to the user’s request, is able to suggest one or more strategies in order to resolve the selected problem. Moreover, the system can build, at different abstraction layers, a workflow for the current problem on the basis of the user’s choices, freeing the user from implementation details and assisting him in the correct configuration of the algorithms. Two possible application scenarios will be introduced: the analysis of …
INTACMATO: An IIMT-Prototype
2011
In the previous chapter, we pointed out that although users evaluate IIMT very positively, only a limited number of IIMT are offered. We assume that the main reason for this is that online sellers do not know which IIMT they should offer and what they should exactly look like. We address these two aspects in this chapter. Firstly, we review literature on IDA in the field of human interaction. We discuss several drawbacks of current approaches as well as the resulting requirements for the design of IIMT. Secondly, we break down observed decision-making behavior into typical steps decision makers apply in their decision processes. These steps indicate which IIMT would offer appropriate decisi…
Negative U‐properties of the oxygen‐vacancy in ZnO
2006
It is shown that the intensity of the oxygen vacancy (VO) related emission in ZnO at 2.45 eV correlates to the concentration of the donor level E4. E4 is located 530 meV below the conduction band and attributed to the VO0/++ recharging. Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) experiments with optical excitation locate the VO2+/+ level position 140 meV below the conduction band and give evidence for the “negative- U” properties of the oxygen vacancies in ZnO. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effects of anthropogenic organic matter inputs on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in organisms from different trophic levels in a southern Me…
2005
Stable isotope ratios were used to determine the impact of anthropogenically derived organic matter from onshore and offshore fish farming and a sewage outfall on organisms at different trophic levels (primary producers and consumers) on the south-east coast of Sicily (Italy, Mediterranean). Representative macroalgae and consumers were collected in three sampling locations: "Impact" and two putative "Controls" sited to the north of the impacted location. While delta(13)C values of both organic matter sources and consumers varied little between locations, delta(15)N spatial variability was higher and delta(15)N was shown to be a good descriptor of organic enrichment and uptake of anthropogen…