Search results for "LIGHT"

Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of the Iron Nanoparticle Drug Products: Brand and Generic Sodium Ferric Gluconate

2021

Complex iron nanoparticle-based drugs are one of the oldest and most frequently administered classes of nanomedicines. In the US, there are seven FDA-approved iron nanoparticle reference drug products, of which one also has an approved generic drug product (i.e., sodium ferric gluconate (SFG)). These products are indicated for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and are administered intravenously. On the molecular level, iron nanomedicines are colloids composed of an iron oxide core with a carbohydrate coating. This formulation makes nanomedicines more complex than conventional small molecule drugs. As such, these products are often referred to as nonbiological complex drugs (e.g., by t…

Quality control of gold nanoparticles as pharmaceutical ingredients

2019

Abstract Nanoparticles are being developed for a wide range of medical applications such as, controlled release, drug delivery systems or imagery, theranostics, implants…. For the moment, there is no legal definition of nanoparticles or nanomaterials for therapeutic use. The specific case of gold nanoparticles is not an exception: their current definition as nanoparticle material does not correspond to classic pharmaceutical ingredients as described in Pharmacopoeias. In this study, more than 30 different batches of citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were synthesized and analyzed thanks to both classical approaches (UV–Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering coupled or not…

1982

The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of a high polymer is calculated from a weakly perturbed Zimm-plot of the classical light scattering on dilute solutions of Gaussian polymer coils (theta state). A typical Zimm-plot is simulated corresponding to the measurements of high accuracy as would be obtained by using the laser photometer described by Hack and Meyerhoff. The accuracy as published by these authors for small dissymmetries is used. Two numerical methods for calculating the MWD are briefly described and tested, both using an empirical formula for the Laplace image of the calculated MWD.

A synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering study of aqueous solutions of native DNA

1999

Synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to investigate solutions of native DNA at different ionic strengths and temperatures. The mass per unit length, radius of gyration of the cross-section of DNA and apparent second virial coefficient (A2) were obtained from Zimm plots in the rodlike particle approximation. The values of A2 obtained in this way are positive and almost constant indicating that the repulsive interactions still influence the scattering patterns at resolutions as high as 5-8 nm. SAXS measurements in continuous temperature scans indicate that the rod approximation is valid over a wide temperature range during DNA melting and confirm that the rodlike…

Resonant X-ray scattering in biological structure research

2007

The use of anomalous X-ray scattering of light elements like sulfur and phosphorus is of particular interest in biological structure research. These elements serve as native labels in proteins, nucleic acids and membranes. Their medium scattering power is drastically changed at their K absorption edges at wavelengths between 5 and 6 A where X-ray absorption excludes the use of open air diffractometers. The construction of a new diffractometer tunable to wavelengths between 1.2 and 7 A is presented. First results of anomalous scattering from sulfur in bacteriorhodopsin near the K absorption edge have been obtained recently. Their possible impact on crystallography will be considered. A compa…

Alkoxy-styryl DCDHF fluorophores

2010

A photostable dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran fluorophore which contains electron-donating alkoxy groups is described. This chromophore is highly environmentally-sensitive, which is a remarkable property for a fluorescent reporter. Its light excitation also enables, in low viscous solvents, the formation of dark states whose radical or triplet nature is ruled out.

Scaling On-Chip Entangled Photon States to Higher Dimensions

2017

Considerable efforts have recently focused on advancing quantum information pro- cessing by increasing the number of qubits (the simplest unit of quantum information) in nonclassical systems such as ultracold atoms and superconducting circuits. A complementary approach to scale up infor- mation content is to move from two-level (qubit) to multilevel (quDit) systems.

Evolution of the $B$-Meson Light-Cone Distribution Amplitude in Laplace Space

2020

The $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitude is a central quantity governing non-perturbative hadronic dynamics in exclusive $B$ decays. We show that the information needed to describe such processes at leading power in $\Lambda_{\rm QCD}/m_b$ is most directly contained in its Laplace transform $\tilde\phi_+(\eta)$. We derive the renormalization-group (RG) equation satisfied by this function and present its exact solution. We express the RG-improved QCD factorization theorem for the decay $B^-\to\gamma\ell^-\bar\nu$ in terms of $\tilde\phi_+(\eta)$ and show that it is explicitly independent of the factorization scale. We propose an unbiased parameterization of $\tilde\phi_+(\eta)$ in ter…

Exploratory studies for the position-space approach to hadronic light-by-light scattering in the muon g - 2

2017

The well-known discrepancy in the muon $g-2$ between experiment and theory demands further theory investigations in view of the upcoming new experiments. One of the leading uncertainties lies in the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution (HLbL), that we address with our position-space approach. We focus on exploratory studies of the pion-pole contribution in a simple model and the fermion loop without gluon exchanges in the continuum and in infinite volume. These studies provide us with useful information for our planned computation of HLbL in the muon $g-2$ using full QCD.

Hadronic light-by-light scattering in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon

2018

15th International Workshop on Tau Lepton Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 24 Sep 2018 - 28 Sep 2018; SciPost physics 1, 031 (2019). doi:10.21468/SciPostPhysProc.1.031