Search results for "Lactose"

Effect of lactose, lactulose and bisacodyl on gastrointestinal transit studied by metal detector.

2007

SUMMARY Aim and methods: To study the effect of 45 g lactose, 30 g lactulose and 10 mg bisacodyl on gastrointestinal transit in 30 healthy volunteers by metal detector and Hinton marker method. The first set of measurements were performed under standard conditions. In a second stage, transit was slowed to twice the original value by loperamide to simulate constipation conditions. Results: Bisacodyl drastically accelerated small and large intestinal transit. Colonic transit was shortened to 23 % and to 31% of control values, without and with loperamide. Bisacodyl increased stool weight and decreased stool consistency in all persons. Lactulose marginally shortened small intestinal transit (P=…

Galactose increase in an infant whose mother is heterozygous for peripheral uridine diphosphate galactose‐4‐epimerase deficiency

1991

Meat allergy associated with galactosyl‐α‐(1,3)‐galactose (α‐Gal)—Closing diagnostic gaps by anti‐α‐Gal IgE immune profiling

2017

Background Glycoproteins and glycolipids of some mammalian species contain the disaccharide galactosyl-α-(1,3)-galactose (α-Gal). It is known that α-Gal is immunogenic in humans and causes glycan-specific IgG and also IgE responses with clinical relevance. α-Gal is part of the IgE-reactive monoclonal therapeutic antibody cetuximab (CTX) and is associated with delayed anaphylaxis to red meat. In this study, different α-Gal-containing analytes are examined in singleplex and multiplex assays to resolve individual sensitization patterns with IgE against α-Gal. Methods Three serum groups, α-Gal-associated meat allergy (MA) patients, idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) patients with suspected MA, and non…

Whole Cow’s Milk but Not Lactose Can Induce Symptoms in Patients with Self-Reported Milk Intolerance: Evidence of Cow’s Milk Sensitivity in Adults

2021

Background: Lactose intolerance is the most frequent food intolerance, but many subjects with self-reported milk intolerance (SRMI) are asymptomatic at lactose hydrogen breath test (LHBT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of lactose intolerance in SRMI patients and their clinical characteristics. Methods: In a retrospective study, the clinical records of 314 SRMI patients (259 females, mean age: 39.1 ± 13.5 years) were reviewed; 102 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) served as controls. In a prospective study, 42 SRMI patients, negatives at the LHBT, underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC) whole cow’s milk challenge. Results: In the retrospective stu…

Senile cataract: a review on free radical related pathogenesis and antioxidant prevention

1990

Abstract Glutathione metabolism plays an essential role in the homeostasis of the lens. Thus, it is not surprising that experimental depletion of this substance leads to a process of lens disorganization similar to senile cataract and that in all types of irreversible cataract there is a decrease in the glutathione content of the lens. Therefore, it may be useful in preventive geriatrics to raise the glutathione concentration of the lens and, since glutathione monoethyl ester can cross the capsule and membranes of the lens, administration of this compound may be the treatment of choice. This could be complemented by long-term administration of small doses of acetylsalicylic acid, in the ear…

A Trisialoganglioside Containing a Sialyl α2-6 N-Acetylgalactosamine Residue Is a Cholinergic-Specific Antigen, Chol-1α1

1992

Cholinergic-specific antigens termed the Chol-1 family have been suggested to be of a ganglioside nature by Richardson et al. (J. Neurochem. 38, 1605-1614, 1982). Two molecular species of polysialogangliosides among bovine brain gangliosides were found to react with anti-Chol-1 alpha antiserum. One of them, Chol-1 alpha-a, was isolated and characterized as a trisialoganglioside containing the gangliotetraose backbone in which 1 mol of sialic acid was attached to each of the reducing end galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and internal galactose residues, respectively. The chemical structure of Chol-1 alpha-a was determined for the first time, being as follows: IV3NeuAc III6NeuAc II3NeuAc-GgOse…

D-Galactose binding lectins from the tunicate Ascidiamalaca: Subunit characterization and hemocyte surface distribution

1988

Abstract D-galactose specific lectins purified from Ascidia malaca serum contain a major protein component with an apparent molecular weight of about 58,000 daltons, which moves more rapidly under non-reducing conditions. Intramolecular disulfide linkages can explain this behaviour, suggesting a compact protein structure. Membrane lectins have been demonstrated on the surface of about 34% hemocytes by immunofluorescent methods using a rabbit antiserum against the isolated serum lectins. Small, medium and large hemocytes can be positive, as also shown by binding on Sepharose spherules or by rosette formation with sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. Binding is inhibited by the same sugars specific…

On the role of D-glucuronic acid in the aggregation of cells from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium.

1979

Abstract The aggregation receptor (AR) from the marine sponge GEODIA CYDONIUM was analyzed with respect to its monosaccharide composition. Three major sugars ( D -galactose, D -glucose and D -glucuronic acid) accounted for about 85 % of the total carbohydrate. Negative results with different lectins directed against D -galactosyl, N -acetyl- D -galactosaminyl and N -acetyl- D -glucosaminyl groups, respectively, showed that these sugars are serologically unreactive in AR. Positive serological reactions were obtained with CONCANAVALIN A and LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS agglutinin. AR also reacted strongly with the basic polymer poly- L -lysine. Reaggregation experiments performed on the basis of these …

Determination of lectin-cell-binding parameters by a new agglutination technique.

1992

We applied a recently described technique which is based on a light transmission/scattering method to determine the association characteristics of the Geodia lectin to sheep erythrocytes. The agglutination assays were performed in a total volume of 3 ml with 5.4 x 10(6) erythrocytes/ml. At a concentration of 360 ng/ml 50% of the lectin molecules were bound to the cells within the first 10 s of incubation. Scatchard analyses revealed an association constant (K(a)) of 0.9 +/- 0.1 x 10(8) M-1 and a number of 3.8 +/- 0.6 x 10(6) lectin binding sites on one erythrocyte. The method was also successfully applied to determine quantitatively the inhibitory potential of sugars competing with cell sur…

NOVEL COMPOSED GALACTOSYLATED NANODEVICES CONTAINING A RIBAVIRIN PRODRUG AS HEPATIC CELL-TARGETED CARRIERS FOR HCV TREATMENT

2013

In this paper, we describe the preparation of liver-targeted nanoparticles potentially able to carry to hepatocytes a ribavirin (RBV) prodrug, exploiting the presence of carbohydrate receptors in the liver (i.e., ASGPR in hepatocytes). These particles were obtained starting from a galactosylated phospholipid-polyaminoacid conjugate. This latter was obtained by chemical reaction of ALPHA, BETA -poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl) (2-aminoethylcarbamate)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA) with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(succinyl) sodium salt (DPPE), and subsequent reaction with lactose, obtaining PHEA-EDA-DPPE-GAL copolymer. To enhance the entrapment into obtained nanostructures, a hydroph…