Search results for "Laterality"
showing 10 items of 307 documents
Interference of left and right cerebellar rTMS with procedural learning.
2004
Abstract Increasing evidence suggests cerebellar involvement in procedural learning. To further analyze its role and to assess whether it has a lateralized influence, in the present study we used a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation interference approach in a group of normal subjects performing a serial reaction time task. We studied 36 normal volunteers: 13 subjects underwent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the left cerebellum and performed the task with the right (6 subjects) or left (7 subjects) hand; 10 subjects underwent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the right cerebellum and performed the task with the hand ipsilateral (5 subjects) or contral…
The Orton's hypothesis about hemispheric lateralization and reading writing performance revisited: an ex post facto study in Spanish context
2014
This paper attempts to inquiry the connections between hemispherical laterality and reading-writing performance, based on the theory that Samuel T. Orton established over 60 years ago. No evidence has been found to show a significant correlation between both constructs. Therefore, the widely held belief that the one depends on the other can be refuted.
Improving neglect by TMS.
2006
Hemispatial neglect refers to the defective ability of patients to explore or act upon the side of space contralateral to the lesion and to attend to stimuli presented in that portion of space. Evidence from animal models suggests that many of the behavioural sequelae associated with visual neglect may result not solely from the size of the lesion, but also from a pathological state of increased inhibition exerted on the damaged hemisphere by the contralesional hemisphere. On the basis of these potential mechanisms underlying neglect, in this review we discuss therapeutic approaches, focusing particularly on recent research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This technique, besi…
Is It Possible to Predict an Athlete’s Behavior? The Use of Polar Coordinates to Identify Key Patterns in Taekwondo
2019
Elite sport psychologists help athletes develop planned competition strategies from a technical-tactical perspective, through the observation and analysis of previous performances. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavioral patterns used to score points in the 2012 London Olympic Games, by using a mixed observational methodology through a polar coordinate analysis. This analysis is a representation made into four quadrants of the relationships found between focal behavior [i.e., giving score points, (SC)] and conditioned behaviors considered as key factors in taekwondo, occurring before and after the focal behavior (i.e., retrospective/prospective behavior as indicated for each qua…
Suppression of extinction with TMS in humans: from healthy controls to patients.
2006
We review a series of studies exemplifying some applications of single-pulse and paired-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the study of spatial attention and of its deficits. We will focus primarily on sensory extinction, the failure to consciously perceive a contralesional sensory stimulus only during bilateral stimulation of homologous surfaces. TMS studies in healthy controls show that it is possible either to interfere or modulate the excitability of the parietal cortex during sensory (i.e. tactile and visual) attentional tasks, thus reproducing a condition of virtual extinction. TMS studies in patients with unilateral (mainly right) brain damage show that the modulation of the …
High frequency rTMS over the left parietal lobule increases non-word reading accuracy
2012
Increasing evidence in the literature supports the usefulness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in studying reading processes. Two brain regions are primarily involved in phonological decoding: the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), which is associated with the auditory representation of spoken words, and the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL), which operates in phonological computation. This study aimed to clarify the specific contribution of IPL and STG to reading aloud and to evaluate the possibility of modulating healthy participants' task performance using high frequency repetitive TMS (hf-rTMS). The main finding is that hf-rTMS over the left IPL improves non-word reading accu…
The importance of the insular cortex for vestibular and spatial syndromes.
2020
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of the study was to identify the neuroanatomical correlates and associations of neuropsychological syndromes after acute unilateral right-hemisphere brain lesions. The neuropsychological syndromes considered were orientation in three-dimensional space such as tilts of the subjective visual vertical or of the subjective haptic vertical, pusher syndrome, visual neglect and unawareness of paresis (anosognosia for hemiparesis). These neuropsychological phenomena have been found to occur separately or in different combinations after lesions to the right insular cortex. METHOD Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 82 patients with acute right-hemispher…
INCIDENCIA DE LA DISLEXIA EN ECUADOR: RELACIÓN CON EL CI, LATERALIDAD, SEXO Y TIPO DE ESCUELA
2015
El presente estudio revisa la incidencia de la dislexia en 207 estudiantes de primaria, de 8 a 13 años de edad, que asisten a instituciones públicas y privadas en la ciudad de Cuenca (Ecuador). Se encontró un porcentaje de 26.57% de sujetos de los cuales el 36% presentó dislexia superficial, el 33% dislexia fonológica y el 31% dislexia mixta. Posteriormente se comparan variables como sexo, lateralidad, CI y tipo de escuela, siendo estas dos últimas las que evidencian diferencias significativas. Se discuten las circunstancias que reportan una incidencia tan elevada en esta investigación.
On hidden heterogeneity in directional asymmetry – can systematic bias be avoided?
2006
8 pages; International audience; Directional asymmetry (DA) biases the analysis of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) mainly because among-individual differences in the predisposition for DA are difficult to detect. However, we argue that systematic bias mainly results from predictable associations between signed right-left asymmetry and other factors, i.e. from systematic variation in DA. We here demonstrate methods to test and correct for this, by analysing bilateral asymmetry in size and shape of an irregular sea urchin. Notably, in this model system, DA depended significantly on body length and geographic origin, although mean signed asymmetry (mean DA) was not significant in the sample as a wh…
Memory for time intervals is impaired in left hemi-Parkinson patients.
2004
The basal ganglia have been proposed as one of the neural correlates of timekeeping functions. Both encoding and memory retrieval components for time perception are impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of our study was to investigate in hemi-Parkinsonian patients the existence of a specific alteration in memory for time depending on the affected side, to better understand the contribution of the left or right basal ganglia circuits in different components of time perception. Right and left hemi-PD patients performed a time reproduction task in which they were required to reproduce in the same session short (5 s) and long (15 s) time intervals, in off- and on-therapy condition. Whil…